{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:46:09Z","timestamp":1790358369494,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) tunnels and Crohn's disease (CD) fistulas are a challenge to treat. Although pathogenic similarities have been described between HS and CD, recent studies indicate that clinical, microbiological, immunological and imaging characteristics differ between these diseases. This review highlights the differences between HS tunnels and CD fistulas. Next\u2010generation sequencing studies demonstrate a microbiome in HS tunnels dominated by <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> spp. whereas no specific bacteria have been associated with cutaneous CD. Immunologically, TNF has been found upregulated in HS tunnels along with various interleukins (IL\u20108, IL\u201016, IL\u20101\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2). In CD fistulas, Th1, Th17, IL\u201017, IFN\u2010\u0264, TNF and IL\u201023 are increased. US imaging is an important tool in HS. US of HS tunnels depict hypoechoic band\u2010like structure across skin layers in the dermis and\/or hypodermis connected to the base of a widened hair follicle. In CD, MR imaging of simple perianal fistulas illustrates a linear, non\u2010branching inflammatory tract relating to an internal opening in the anus or low rectum and an external opening to the skin surface. An increased awareness of the immediate potential differences between HS tunnels and CD fistulas may optimize treatment regimens of these intractable skin manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T21:39:07Z","timestamp":1568410747000},"page":"118-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Clinical, microbiological, immunological and imaging characteristics of tunnels and fistulas in hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4256-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid\u2010Helene Ravn","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Venereology &amp; Wound Healing Centre Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Francis","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Venereology &amp; Wound Healing Centre Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrine Elisabeth","family":"Karmisholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Venereology &amp; Wound Healing Centre Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Christian","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Venereology &amp; Wound Healing Centre Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1014163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90277-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.05.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.0904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00392-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.038208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2769-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300498"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"2597","volume":"14","author":"Catalan\u2010Serra I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. 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