{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:35:54Z","timestamp":1783485354712,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013789","name":"Alopecia UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3500\u2010year\u2010old papyrus from ancient Egypt provides a list of treatments for many diseases including \u201cbite hair loss,\u201d most likely alopecia areata (AA). The treatment of AA remained largely unchanged for over 1500\u00a0years. In 30 CE, Celsus described AA presenting as scalp alopecia in spots or the \u201cwindings of a snake\u201d and suggested treatment with caustic compounds and scarification. The first \u201cmodern\u201d description of AA came in 1813, though treatment still largely employed caustic agents. From the mid\u201019th century onwards, various hypotheses of AA development were put forward including infectious microbes (1843), nerve defects (1858), physical trauma and psychological stress (1881), focal inflammation (1891), diseased teeth (1902), toxins (1912) and endocrine disorders (1913). The 1950s brought new treatment developments with the first use of corticosteroid compounds (1952), and the first suggestion that AA was an autoimmune disease (1958). Research progressively shifted towards identifying hair follicle\u2010specific autoantibodies (1995). The potential role of lymphocytes in AA was made implicit with immunohistological studies (1980s). However, studies confirming their functional role were not published until the development of rodent models (1990s). Genetic studies, particularly genome\u2010wide association studies, have now come to the forefront and open up a new era of AA investigation (2000s). Today, AA research is actively focused on genetics, the microbiome, dietary modulators, the role of atopy, immune cell types in AA pathogenesis, primary antigenic targets, mechanisms by which immune cells influence hair growth, and of course the development of new treatments based on these discoveries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T06:09:55Z","timestamp":1579586995000},"page":"208-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A \u201chair\u2010raising\u201d history of alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Broadley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1020-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"McElwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","volume-title":"De alopecie singulari forma","author":"Spiess F. 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