{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:38:10Z","timestamp":1779903490521,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) are the cause of an increasing number of contact allergies. Understanding the mechanisms by which MCI\/MI induces proinflammatory and regulatory factors production is necessary to understand the outcome of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the dysfunction of proinflammatory cytokines and regulatory factors in the positive MCI\/MI patch test at the transcriptional and protein expression levels. Moreover, to analyse the cytokines production induced by MI in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The selected patients had positive MCI\/MI patch test results. The expression of proinflammatory factors was evaluated by q\u2010PCR and immunochemistry at 48\u00a0hours of positive MCI\/MI patch test. The MCI\/MI\u2010 or MI\u2010 induced secretion of IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF and IL\u20106 by PBMC was analysed by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed a decreased <jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic> expression with upregulated <jats:italic>IL6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression as assessed by q\u2010PCR at the site of the MCI\/MI skin reaction. We detected increased protein levels of TLR4, FOXP3 and IL\u201010 in the dermis layer in the ACD reaction by immunocitochemistry. Moreover, MCI\/MI induced proinflammatory cytokine production by PBMC through the NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering the altered innate immune response triggered by MCI\/MI sensitization, these findings indicate that the regulatory process at the induction phase of ACD is a crucial mechanism. Given the increase in occupational and domestic exposure to MCI\/MI, the underlying immunological mechanisms should be understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T16:44:00Z","timestamp":1581525840000},"page":"490-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Proinflammatory and regulatory mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heliana Freitas de Oliveira","family":"Goes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM\u201056 Department of Dermatology University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology 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