{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:07:00Z","timestamp":1759342020956,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actinic keratosis (AK) is a frequent premalignant skin lesion mainly caused by chronic sun exposure. AK lesions are often surrounded by invisible, subclinical alterations, called field of cancerization (FoC). Definition of FoC is of importance for therapy management; however, the criteria and non\u2010invasive tools to characterize FoC are lacking. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) proved to be a suitable tool for detection of changes in the corneocyte surface topography in inflammatory skin diseases, which share similar clinical features with AK such as hyper\u2010 and parakeratosis. Therefore, in this study we applied AFM to investigate AK and surrounding skin obtained by non\u2010invasive collection of the stratum corneum (SC) with adhesive tapes. Furthermore, we determined degradation products of structural protein filaggrin (natural moisturizing factor, NMF), which previously showed association with the changes in corneocyte surface topography. Ten patients with multiple AK on the face were recruited from the outpatient clinic. SC samples were collected from the AK lesion, skin sites adjacent to the AK, 5\u00a0cm from the AK and retroauricular area. Corneocyte surface topography was determined by AFM, and NMF by liquid chromatography. The AK lesion showed alterations of the corneocyte surface topography characterized by an increased number of nanosize protrusions, which gradually decreased with the distance from the lesion. NMF levels show an inverse pattern. Atomic force microscopy showed to be a suitable tool to detect changes in the corneocyte surface topography on the AK lesion and surrounding skin in a non\u2010invasive manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T11:47:11Z","timestamp":1582976831000},"page":"462-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Actinic keratosis and surrounding skin exhibit changes in corneocyte surface topography and decreased levels of filaggrin degradation products"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1799-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne J.","family":"Keurentjes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronel Institute of Occupational Health Amsterdam UMC, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kornelis D.","family":"de Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronel Institute of Occupational Health Amsterdam UMC, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7961-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivone","family":"Jakasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"R\u00fcther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatest GmbH M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M. 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H.","family":"Kemperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Amsterdam UMC, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Dijklander Ziekenhuis Purmerend The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1063-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Kezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronel Institute of Occupational Health Amsterdam UMC, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Riethm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology Serend\u2010ip GmbH M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195309)6:5<963::AID-CNCR2820060515>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"1727","volume":"63","author":"Braakhuis J. 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