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RAS components including angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and AT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors, and angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) are expressed in the skin and act independently from the plasma RAS. AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptors, which are usually the dominating receptor subtype, promote fibrosis and scar formation, while AT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors inhibit the aforementioned AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor\u2010coupled effects. Elevated angiotensin II (Ang II) levels acting on the AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor contribute to skin scar formation through increased expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibrinogenic factors such as transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), while at the same time suppressing the anti\u2010fibrotic tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs). First, small clinical trials have provided evidence that inhibition of the ACE\/Ang II\/ AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor axis may be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic scars\/keloids. This review provides a detailed overview of the current literature on the RAS in skin, wound healing and scar formation and discusses the translational potential of targeting this hormonal system for treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T18:58:40Z","timestamp":1595012320000},"page":"902-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["The renin\u2010angiotensin system in cutaneous hypertrophic scar and keloid formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshvad","family":"Hedayatyanfard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazgol\u2010Sadat","family":"Haddadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"},{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Ziai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feizollah","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5430-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike Muscha","family":"Steckelings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Habibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Modarressi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad\u2010Reza","family":"Dehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030711"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1421309"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000164538.72375.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"1","author":"Limandjaja G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. 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