{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T19:20:28Z","timestamp":1772738428731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 1292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (GvHD) is a major complication following stem\u2010cell or solid\u2010organ transplantation. Accurate diagnosis of cutaneous GvHD is challenging, given that drug eruptions and viral rashes may present with similar clinical\/histological manifestations. Specific markers are not available. We performed the histological examination of biopsy samples from acute GvHD (aGvHD; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a054), Stevens\u2010Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS\/TEN; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a027), maculopapular drug eruption (MDE; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026) and healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026). Samples of aGvHD showed a decrease in Langerhans cells (LC, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001) and an increase in macrophages (M\u03a6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001) compared to healthy skin. Compared to SJS\/TEN, MDE and healthy skin, aGvHD biopsies contained greater numbers of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. The majority of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010helper cells were localized in the upper dermis, whereas cytotoxic CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were found in the epidermis. Increased numbers of CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> natural killer (NK) cells in the upper dermis of aGvHD skin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) were not observed in controls or SJS\/TEN and MDE. There were no differences in elafin staining between aGvHD and the latter two conditions. Acute GvHD appears to have a distinct inflammatory cell profile (T cells\/NK cells) that may aid establishing in a more accurate diagnosis, especially when used to rule out differential diagnoses such as SJS\/TEN or MDE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T10:46:01Z","timestamp":1625481961000},"page":"1814-1819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunohistochemical markers for histopathological diagnosis and differentiation of acute cutaneous graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Wegner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Weidenthaler\u2010Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Engelbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Knothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Helbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine Cologne University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine Cologne University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kreft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva M.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Ziemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf G.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9802-9642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"von Stebut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine Cologne University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60237-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.8.1464.1464"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"515.e511","article-title":"Graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease: part I. 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