{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:57:59Z","timestamp":1793642279605,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately one fifth of the world population experiences continuous itch for 6\u00a0weeks or more during their life, that is chronic itch. It is diverse in its aetiologies, and it is notoriously hard to treat. Because itch and pain have largely overlapping pathophysiology and the demonstrated efficacy of neurostimulation in treatment of selected chronic pain conditions, we conducted a systematic review to investigate whether neurostimulation could be an effective treatment for chronic itch. We identified two randomized controlled trials and 17 open label studies or case reports investigating various neurostimulation modalities for the treatment of refractory itch of various aetiologies. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was the most investigated modality (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017), and in the largest number of conditions. Other modalities were cutaneous field stimulation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), painscrambler (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), transcranial direct current stimulation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01) and peripheral nerve field stimulation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). Atopic dermatitis was the most studied condition (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05). Despite the large heterogeneity in used stimulation paradigms and outcome parameters, all studies reported a positive effect of at least one neurostimulation modality. Our review indicates that electrical neurostimulation could be considered for the treatment of refractory chronic itch of selected aetiologies, such as atopic dermatitis or burn pruritus. However, better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the neurostimulation modalities and regimens in various pruritic conditions is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T04:23:49Z","timestamp":1634099029000},"page":"280-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electrical neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pruritus: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7705-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moustafa","family":"Badwy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for pain Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara J.","family":"Baart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for pain Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hok B.","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J. P. M.","family":"Huygen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for pain Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecile C.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for pain Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"918","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pruritus","volume":"63","author":"Nowak DA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12570-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1208814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.11.1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90482.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9305126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"(EPOC) CEPaOoC.Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC). Data collection form.epoc.cochrane.org\/epoc\u2010resources\u2010review\u2010authors. Accessed January 22 2020;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick\u2010LewisD CiliskaD ThomasH.The methods for the synthesis of studies without control groups.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2017-110853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"e73","article-title":"Chronic itching: a novel indication for spinal cord stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Bruel B","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"617","article-title":"A pilot study of efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the motor cortex on neuro itch","volume":"93","author":"Lang M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"A38","article-title":"Peripheral nerve field stimulation for pruritus relief in a patient with notalgia paraesthetica","volume":"50","author":"Ricciardo B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irz013.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.01.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555558131134","article-title":"Transcutaneous nerve stimulation and itching","volume":"58","author":"Fjellner B","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venerol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Acupressure and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for improving uremic pruritus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ak\u00e7a N","year":"2016","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000184487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"Pruritic hyperpigmented patch on back","volume":"65","author":"Sequeira J","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Itch Basic Mechanisms and Therapy","author":"Wallengren J","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/j.0973-5674.7.2.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2015.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)03339-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.23709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7221-4-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2257.2002.00472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000124745.22170.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"High frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation treatment in patients with generalized pruritus","volume":"14","author":"Bi\u00e7er A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gazi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639809160684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.137.10.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","first-page":"86\u2010","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for reduction of pruritus in macular amyloidosis and lichen simplex","volume":"40","author":"Yuksek J","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01990698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012987816358904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Treatment of pruritis of reactive perforating collagenosis using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Chan LY","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31826b1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1993.tb00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2009.00595.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-200107000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735419845143"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.14468","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exd.14468","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.14468","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T15:54:38Z","timestamp":1693151678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.14468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.14468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.14468","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}