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Numerous guidelines recommend antibiotics like clindamycin and rifampicin in combination, as first\u2010line systemic therapy in moderate\u2010to\u2010severe forms of inflammation. HS has been proposed to be mainly an auto\u2010inflammatory disease associated with but not initially provoked by bacteria. Therefore, it has to be assumed that the pro\u2010inflammatory milieu previously observed in HS skin is not solely dampened by the bacteriostatic inhibition of DNA\u2010dependent RNA polymerase. To further clarify the mechanism of anti\u2010inflammatory effects of rifampicin, <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> explants of lesional HS from 8 HS patients were treated with rifampicin, and its effect on cytokine production, immune cells as well as the expression of Toll\u2010like receptor 2 (TLR2) were investigated. Analysis of cell culture medium of rifampicin\u2010treated HS explants revealed an anti\u2010inflammatory effect of rifampicin that significantly inhibiting interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 production. Immunohistochemistry of the rifampicin\u2010treated explants suggested a tendency for it to reduce the expression of TLR2 while not affecting the number of immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T08:18:20Z","timestamp":1642666700000},"page":"1005-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mechanism of anti\u2010inflammatory effects of rifampicin in an ex vivo culture system of hidradenitis suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2256-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Haferland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal M.","family":"Wallenwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Ickelsheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2789-6463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias G.","family":"Wacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schiffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Buerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00401-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-018-0264-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90277-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav5908"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","article-title":"Contribution of plasma cells and B cells to hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis. 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