{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:17:59Z","timestamp":1760347079700},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772098","82002064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772098","82002064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Keloids are pathological scars that invade normal surrounding tissue without self\u2010limitation, causing pain, itching, cosmetic disfigurement, etc. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying keloids remains unclear; thus, there are no available biomarkers for its diagnosis, resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of only 81%, which may be resolved by seeking an effective biomarker. Given that keloids possess pathogenic features similar to those of autoimmune skin disease, this study aimed to utilise the single\u2010cell V(D)J sequencing method to identify a potential biomarker and clarify the underlying biological mechanisms. Single\u2010cell V(D)J sequencing was used to detect T cell receptor (TCR) diversity between keloid patients and healthy donors using peripheral blood samples, the results of which were further validated using reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). Flow cytometry was used to analyse the mucosal\u2010associated invariant T (MAIT) cell percentage, cytokine production, and activation marker expression levels in peripheral blood samples of keloid patients and normal donors. An immunofluorescence test was used to quantitatively analyse the distribution of MAIT cells in scar and healthy donor skin tissues. Single\u2010cell V(D)J sequencing analysis showed that the usage frequency of the TRAJ33\u2010one invariant chain of the TCR of MAIT cells was decreased in keloid patients. This result was validated by RT\u2010PCR, which showed that significantly lower TCR V\u03b17.2\u2010J\u03b133 was expressed in keloid patients compared with that in healthy donors and hypertrophic scar patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence tests further verified that MAIT cells decreased significantly both in the peripheral blood sample and lesions of keloid patients compared with those of healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). MAIT cells from keloid patients secreted less interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 than those from the healthy controls and hypertrophic scar group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The percentage of PLZF+ MAIT cells was lowest in the peripheral blood samples of keloid patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The percentage of IL\u201018+ MAIT cells was lower in the peripheral blood samples of keloid patients compared with that in healthy donors (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings indicate that MAIT cells could be associated with keloids and may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the diagnosis of keloids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:03:20Z","timestamp":1667120600000},"page":"186-197","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Invariant chain of the <scp>MAIT\u2010TCR<\/scp> v\u03b17.<scp>2\u2010J\u03b133<\/scp> as a novel diagnostic biomarker for keloids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yeltai","family":"Nurzat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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