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In our study, three patients who were diagnosed with BP were enrolled into our research. Skin biopsies were taken and were separated into two parts, one part was for HE staining and the others were for RNA\u2010sequencing (RNA\u2010seq). All the three patents were human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and HE staining revealed typical skin histopathological changes in BP, including dyskeratosis, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the granular and spinous layers, atypical keratinocytes. RNA\u2010seq analysis demonstrated that a total of 486 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the skin tissues from BP and the controls, among which, 320 genes were significantly upregulated and 166 genes were dramatically downregulated. GO enrichment revealed that antigen binding, cell cycle, immune response and keratinisation to be the most notably altered pathways, whereas KEGG analysis indicated that cell cycle cytokine\u2010cytokine receptor interaction, ECM receptor interaction and p53 signalling pathway to be the most significantly changed signalling pathways in BP. Furthermore, metabolism\u2010associated enrichment analysis showed that cholesterol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome p450 and pyrimidine metabolism to be the most dramatically dysregulated metabolic pathways in BP as compared to normal controls. Our study revealed that inflammation, metabolism and cell proliferation signalling pathways might be the most important pathways for BP disease, targeted inhibiting of these signals might be a potential method for BP treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T09:50:01Z","timestamp":1686304201000},"page":"1439-1450","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptional analysis reveals distinct gene expression profiles of three bowenoid papulosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinjing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital  Hangzhou 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