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Excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can trigger the synthesis of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons, leading to tissue damage and immune dysfunction in SLE patients. In this study, we found that a decrease in neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood was correlated with clinical parameters in SLE patients. Patients with low neutrophil counts had high renal activity index and chronicity index scores. NET formation and neutrophil autophagy in SLE patients were increased. The autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine was shown to restrict NET formation. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we found that the expression of the autophagy\u2010related gene, hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), was enhanced in peripheral neutrophils and in the renal glomeruli in SLE patients. Targeting HIF1A could be a potential therapeutic approach for SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T07:49:17Z","timestamp":1691135357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps induced by autophagy and identification of autophagy\u2010related biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3047-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingfang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 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