{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:37:29Z","timestamp":1791877049988,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous papulosquamous lesions in sebum rich areas such as the face and scalp. Its pathogenesis appears multifactorial with a disbalanced immune system,\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    driven microbial involvement and skin barrier perturbations. Microbial involvement has been well described in SD, but skin barrier involvement remains to be properly elucidated. To determine whether barrier impairment is a critical factor of inflammation in SD alongside microbial dysbiosis, a cross\u2010sectional study was performed in 37 patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate facial SD. Their lesional and non\u2010lesional skin was comprehensively and non\u2010invasively assessed with standardized 2D\u2010photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), microbial profiling including\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species identification, functional skin barrier assessments and ceramide profiling. The presence of inflammation was established through significant increases in erythema, epidermal thickness, vascularization and superficial roughness in lesional skin compared to non\u2010lesional skin. Lesional skin showed a perturbed skin barrier with an underlying skewed ceramide subclass composition, impaired chain elongation and increased chain unsaturation. Changes in ceramide composition correlated with barrier impairment indicating interdependency of the functional barrier and ceramide composition. Lesional skin showed significantly increased\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and decreased\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundances but similar\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundances and mycobial composition compared to non\u2010lesional skin. Principal component analysis highlighted barrier properties as main discriminating features. To conclude, SD is associated with skin barrier dysfunction and changes in the ceramide composition. No significant differences in the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    were observed. Restoring the cutaneous barrier might be a valid therapeutic approach in the treatment of facial SD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T03:48:30Z","timestamp":1700192910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0986-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannik","family":"Rousel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4981-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"N\u0103d\u0103ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Saghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2064-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Pagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahnjili","family":"Zhuparris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden University  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1333-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Theelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Gambrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein E. C.","family":"van der Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob J.","family":"Vreeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Feiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutanea Life Sciences  Wayne Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Niemeyer\u2010van\u00a0der\u00a0Kolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-0918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobus","family":"Burggraaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn B. 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