{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:47:33Z","timestamp":1791946053894,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the suppression of activated T cells in generalized vitiligo (GV). The study was aimed to investigate resident memory (TRM)\u2010Tregs and antigen\u2010specific Tregs' numbers and functional defects in 25 GV patients and 20 controls. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    &amp; CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TRM cell proliferation was assessed by BrDU assay; production of IL\u201010, TGF\u2010\u03b2, IFN\u2010\u03b3, perforin and granzyme B were assessed by ELISA and enumeration of TRM cells was done by flowcytometry. GV patients showed significantly increased frequency and absolute count of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    &amp; CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TRM cells in lesional (L), perilesional (PL) and non\u2010lesional (NL) skin compared to controls (p\u2009=\u20090.0003,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0029 &amp;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0115, respectively &amp;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0003,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003 &amp;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.086, respectively). Whereas, TRM\u2010Treg (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 &amp;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0015) and antigen\u2010specific Tregs (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0014 &amp;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003) exhibited significantly decreased frequency and absolute counts in L &amp; PL skin. GV patients showed reduced suppression of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    &amp; CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TRM cells (with increased IFN\u2010\u03b3, perforin &amp; granzyme B) and decreased TRM\u2010Tregs and antigen\u2010specific Tregs (with decreased IL\u201010 &amp; TGF\u2010\u03b2 production) and reduced proliferation of SK\u2010Mel\u201028 cells in co\u2010culture systems. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of TRM stimulating cytokines: IL\u201015 &amp; IL\u201017A and reduced expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 &amp; IL\u201010 in L, PL, NL skins compared to controls. These results for the first time suggest that decreased and impaired TRM\u2010Tregs and antigen\u2010specific Tregs are unable to suppress CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    &amp; CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TRMs' cytotoxic function and their proliferation due to decrease production of immunosuppressive cytokines (IL\u201010 &amp; TGF\u2010\u03b2) and increased production of TRM based IFN\u2010\u03b3, perforin and granzyme B production, thus compromising the melanocyte survival in GV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T19:38:29Z","timestamp":1700854709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Compromised melanocyte survival due to decreased suppression of\n                    <scp>CD4<\/scp>\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    &amp;\n                    <scp>CD8<\/scp>\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    resident memory T cells by impaired TRM\u2010\n                    <scp>regulatory<\/scp>\n                    T cells in generalized vitiligo patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Firdosh","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Uka Tarsadia University  Surat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant S.","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Uka Tarsadia University  Surat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit H.","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aura skin care  Vyara India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8497-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitesh","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Uka Tarsadia University  Surat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.80413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103552"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.652191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa111.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12791"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12862"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3426717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2016.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19621-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-5-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.566607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.463"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Interfering 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