{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:33:37Z","timestamp":1785278017042,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free fatty acids (FFA) have gained research interest owing to their functions in both local and systemic immune regulation. Changes in the serum levels of anti\u2010inflammatory short chain fatty acids (SCFA), primarily derived from the gut microbiota, and pro\u2010inflammatory medium (MCFA) and long (LCFA) chain fatty acids, derived from either the gut microbiota or the diet, have been associated with autoimmunity. Circulating FFA were retrospectively analysed by a gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry method in the serum of 18 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) at the baseline and 6\u2009months (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) after immunosuppressive treatments, and 18 healthy controls (HC). Circulating FFA were correlated with the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) and serum concentrations of interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3), Interleukin (IL)\u201017A, IL\u20105, IL\u201010 and IL\u201021. Principal Component analysis computed on FFA abundances revealed significant differences in the profile of SCFA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090,012), MCFA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.00015) and LCFA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090,035) between PV patients and HC, which were not significantly changed by immunosuppressive treatments. PV patients showed a significantly lower serum concentration of propionic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005) and butyric (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005) acids, SCFA with anti\u2010inflammatory functions, while hexanoic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005) and hexadecanoic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0006) acids, pro\u2010inflammatory MCFA and LCFA respectively, were over\u2010represented. Treatments induced a significant decrease of hexanoic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) and a further increase of hexadecanoic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046) acids. Positive correlations emerged between IFN\u2010\u03b3 and acetic acid (Rho\u2009=\u20090.60), IFN\u2010\u03b3 and hexanoic acid (Rho\u2009=\u20090.46), IL\u20105 and both hexadecanoic acid (Rho\u2009=\u20090.50) and octadecanoic acid (Rho\u2009=\u20090.53), butyric acid and PDAI (Rho\u2009=\u20090.53). PV was associated with a remarked imbalance of circulating FFA compared to HC. The serum alterations of SCFA, MCFA, and LCFA may contribute to promoting inflammation in PV. Deeper insights into the immunomodulatory functions of these molecules may pave the way for personalized dietary interventions in PV patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T05:44:11Z","timestamp":1711518251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alterations of circulating free fatty acids in patients with pemphigus vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5106-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Maglie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Bartolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences \u2018Mario Serio\u2019 University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ramazzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Niccolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria 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