{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:58:21Z","timestamp":1768589901534,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by non\u2010scarring hair loss due to an immune response that targets hair follicles. The current treatment approach for AA involves the use of immunosuppressants and immunomodulators to reduce cytokine levels around affected hair follicles. Sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as potential anti\u2010inflammatory agents with diverse beneficial effects in various medical conditions. This study investigates the role of beta\u2010hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a ketone body produced during SGLT2 inhibition, in the pathogenesis of AA. Serum BHB levels were found to be significantly elevated in patients with AA compared with healthy controls, with higher levels correlating with severity of hair loss. BHB treatment increased inflammatory cytokine production in outer root sheath (ORS) cells, mimicking the inflammatory conditions seen in AA. The results suggest that elevated BHB levels may exacerbate the inflammatory immune response in AA patients and may be associated with chronic hair loss and resistance to treatment. Serum BHB levels may serve as a potential marker of poor prognosis in patients with severe AA. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of BHB in the pathogenesis of AA and its implications for disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T13:09:19Z","timestamp":1718629759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Possible role of \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate in inducing inflammation in alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7465-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung\u2010Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungjin","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0968-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Eun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Deok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-1785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2021.681513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01948-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay8329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30997-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123397"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.15117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T15:22:18Z","timestamp":1722525738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.15117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.15117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.15117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15117"}}