{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:37:36Z","timestamp":1781829456826,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actinic keratosis (AK) classification relies on clinical characteristics limited to the skin's surface. Incorporating sub\u2010surface evaluation may improve the link between clinical classification and the underlying pathology. We aimed to apply dynamic optical coherence tomography (D\u2010OCT) to characterize microvessels in AK I\u2010III and photodamaged (PD) skin, thereby exploring its utility in enhancing clinical and dermatoscopic AK evaluation. This explorative study assessed AK I\u2010III and PD on face or scalp. AK were graded according to the Olsen scheme before assessment with dermatoscopy and D\u2010OCT. On D\u2010OCT, vessel shapes, \u2212pattern and \u2010direction were qualitatively evaluated at predefined depths, while density and diameter were quantified. D\u2010OCT's ability to differentiate between AK grades was compared with dermatoscopy. Forty\u2010seven patients with AK I\u2010III (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009207) and PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200987) were included. Qualitative D\u2010OCT evaluation revealed vascular differences between AK grades and PD, particularly at a depth of 300\u2009\u03bcm. The arrangement of vessel shapes around follicles differentiated AK II from PD (OR\u2009=\u20094.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Vessel patterns varied among AK grades and PD, showing structured patterns in AK I and PD, non\u2010specific in AK II (OR\u2009=\u20092.16,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and mottled in AK III (OR\u2009=\u200929.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Vessel direction changed in AK II\u2010III, with central vessel accentuation and radiating vessels appearing most frequently in AK III. Quantified vessel density was higher in AK I\u2010II than PD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.025), whereas diameter remained constant. D\u2010OCT combined with dermatoscopy enabled precise differentiation of AK III versus AK I (AUC\u2009=\u20090.908) and II (AUC\u2009=\u20090.833). The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of vessels on D\u2010OCT consistently showed increased vascularization and vessel disorganization in AK lesions of higher grades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T04:45:18Z","timestamp":1723610718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamic optical coherence tomography unveils subclinical, vascular differences across actinic keratosis grades I\u2013III"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3903-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Fredman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Sofie Krohn","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Wenande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Philipsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6334-0625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavrielle R.","family":"Untracht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark  Kongens Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Center M\u00f8lholm Private Hospital M\u00f8lholm  Vejle Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bjerring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Center M\u00f8lholm Private Hospital M\u00f8lholm  Vejle Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine R.","family":"Wiegell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Haedersdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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