{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:38:43Z","timestamp":1788601123161,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In most cases, atopic dermatitis (AD) is induced by allergic inflammation, with antigen penetration into the epithelial tissues of the skin being the first step in AD development. Accordingly, inhibiting the skin penetration of antigens is effective in preventing AD. We evaluated the ability of the following four types of particles to adsorb ovalbumin (OVA): titanium dioxide (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), silicon dioxide (SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), carbon, and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    coated with one\u2010layer graphene (1LGCS). We found that metal oxide particles (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) could adsorb OVA at pH\u20095.0, but their abilities decreased at pH\u20097.0 and 9.0. In contrast, the carbon\u2010based particles (carbon and 1LGCS) adsorbed OVA regardless of pH changes. Epicutaneous treatment with OVA resulted in an increase in the proportion of OVA\u2010positive Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in the lymph nodes, along with elevated interleukin\u20104 mRNA expression, indicating that OVA penetrated the epidermis and underlying tissues. When OVA was applied together with the particles, these responses were significantly reduced by the carbon\u2010based particles but were only partially or not inhibited by metal oxide particles. These findings indicated that antigen penetration was potently inhibited by the carbon\u2010based particles. Additionally, when mice were epicutaneously sensitised and challenged with OVA in the presence of carbon, the increase in OVA\u2010specific IgG1 and IgE levels was significantly inhibited. The efficiency of carbon\u2010based particles may be attributed to their stable adsorption of proteins despite pH changes on the skin surface. These findings may lead to the development of new treatments for AD with fewer side effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T02:59:09Z","timestamp":1739761149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbon\u2010Based Particles Inhibit Antigen Penetration Into the Skin by Adsorbing the Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rin","family":"Ichinohe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life\u2010Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7332-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Segawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life\u2010Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Nakajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life\u2010Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hiratsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life\u2010Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1869-6021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeharu","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kritin","family":"Pirabul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Ze","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI\u2010AIMR) Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotomo","family":"Nishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI\u2010AIMR) Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8062-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyasu","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life\u2010Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2022.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2017.38.4054"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","article-title":"Emollients and Moisturisers for Eczema","volume":"2017","author":"Zuuren E. 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