{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T23:16:23Z","timestamp":1772925383888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0258\/IP1\/2016\/74"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0258\/IP1\/2016\/74"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, for which dysbiosis of the skin mycobiome is considered a triggering factor. The aim of this study was to explore the skin mycobiome of AD patients and healthy volunteers (HV). The study included 50 AD patients and as many HV. Culture\u2010based species identification involved a battery of conventional phenotypic tests and PCR sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions within the rDNA cluster. Culture\u2010independent, metataxonomic sequencing was performed with ITS1 as the target region. The overall culture\u2010positive rate was higher in AD patients than in HV (74% vs 28%). Among the former, <jats:italic>Rhodotorula<\/jats:italic> spp. dominated, followed by <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Naganishia albida<\/jats:italic>. The congruence between PCR sequencing and phenotyping was 68.6%. Upon metataxonomy of AD samples, 33 (66%) demonstrated close clustering with HV samples (\u2018control\u2010like\u2019 AD), while 17 (34%) displayed a remarkably different mycobiome composition (\u2018AD\u2010specific\u2019), with <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Diplodia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Saccharomyces<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> genera showing increased abundance. Patients with \u2018AD\u2010specific\u2019 mycobiomes were more commonly exposed to air\u2010conditioning compared to \u2018control\u2010like\u2019 AD patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030). A subset of patients with AD has a different cutaneous mycobiome make\u2010up dominated by environmental moulds, and <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> yeasts. Anthropogenic factors may affect the cutaneous mycobiome composition in AD and should be taken into account in microbiome studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T07:37:53Z","timestamp":1742715473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Skin Mycobiome of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis and Healthy Volunteers: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"\u017bychowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow  Rzeszow 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Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Wroclaw Medical University  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2062-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Dyl\u0105g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4944-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Jankowska\u2010Konsur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Centre of General Dermatology and Oncodermatology Wroclaw Medical University  Wroclaw 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