{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:38:24Z","timestamp":1789159104123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>JAK inhibitors are used to treat various inflammatory skin diseases. However, systemic formulations are associated with an increased risk of major adverse events. Ruxolitinib 1.5% cream is a selective topical JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, which has recently been approved by EMA and MHRA for treating non\u2010segmental vitiligo, while being FDA\u2010approved for both vitiligo and atopic dermatitis. Recent literature has reported the off\u2010label use of topical Ruxolitinib for several skin conditions, but data are mostly limited to single case reports and series and few prospective studies, with mixed results. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to investigate the potential efficacy of topical Ruxolitinib in various skin diseases in an off\u2010label setting. The following keywords were used for searching the MEDLINE (Pubmed) and Scopus databases from inception to September 2024: \u201cruxolitinib cream and dermatology\u201d and \u201ctopical ruxolitinib and dermatology\u201d. Reviews, articles not focusing on the main topic, books and book chapters, and articles with no English text were excluded. A total of 170 studies were screened, of which 112 fell within exclusion criteria and 58 were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 28 studies, published between 2012 and 2024, were selected. Ruxolitinib cream resulted in being used off\u2010label mostly for treating lichenoid and granulomatous dermatoses, as well as alopecia areata. While for the former skin conditions, topical ruxolitinib proved to be effective and safe, results on efficacy in alopecia areata were controversial. Topical ruxolitinib might be a promising therapeutic option for lichenoid and granulomatous dermatoses. Noteworthily, despite the exciting results from the oral formulation, no consistent data were described for topical ruxolitinib in alopecia areata. Our review reported encouraging results for many inflammatory skin conditions that should be investigated in further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T10:57:06Z","timestamp":1744023426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Off\u2010Label Use of Topical Ruxolitinib in Dermatology: A Systematic Literature Review and Current Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Spadafora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale \u2010 IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Skin Cancer Center  Reggio Emilia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dental Medicine and Morphological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Morsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito Giuseppe","family":"Di Lernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL\u2010IRCCS di Reggio Emilia  Reggio Emilia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaniko","family":"Kaleci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dental Medicine and Morphological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pellacani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic Sapienza University of Rome  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