{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:51:29Z","timestamp":1788223889108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common variant of cutaneous lupus. Histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis, but it carries a risk of scarring in a disease already prone to cicatricial outcomes. Additionally, diagnostic delays may occur due to variable processing times, particularly in challenging cases. Line\u2010field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC\u2010OCT) is a novel non\u2010invasive imaging technique offering high\u2010resolution, histology\u2010like features. This study evaluates its diagnostic accuracy in DLE by assessing concordance with histopathology. A cross\u2010sectional study enrolled histologically confirmed DLE from three tertiary referral hospitals. Eleven histological criteria were assessed using LC\u2010OCT and subsequently compared to histopathology. Concordance was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa coefficient (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), with McNemar's test applied to detect significant differences (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05). Twenty\u2010eight patients with DLE participated in the study. LC\u2010OCT demonstrated strong agreement with histopathology in key diagnostic features of DLE. Near\u2010perfect concordance (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091, 100% agreement) was observed for interface dermatitis, dermal vessel dilation, epidermal atrophy, and incontinentia pigmenti. Substantial agreement was found for epidermal disarray (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.85), spongiosis (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.70), necrotic keratinocytes (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.70), and infundibular dilation (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.79). Overall, LC\u2010OCT achieved a Cohen's Kappa of 0.74 with 87.66% concordance, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the two methods (McNemar\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.627). LC\u2010OCT is a rapid, effective, and non\u2010invasive diagnostic tool for DLE, demonstrating strong concordance with histopathology and potential for early diagnosis and clinical implementation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T11:35:01Z","timestamp":1764502501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparative Evaluation Between Line\u2010Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography and Histology in a Multicenter Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0420-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Maione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2781-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Bighetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4868-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simonetta","family":"Battocchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Cinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Oberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Lacarrubba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0935-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piergiacomo","family":"Calzavara\u2010Pinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bettolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.17177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555\u2010022\u201000786\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_207_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1401a40"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874372201812010099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14161821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2007.07808.x"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.70184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exd.70184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.70184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:04:10Z","timestamp":1786799050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.70184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.70184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.70184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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