{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:37:02Z","timestamp":1783636622276,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are commonly used to treat immune\u2010mediated diseases by modulating the JAK\u2013STAT signalling pathway. While these agents are therapeutically effective, they may also impair immunity, including antifungal response. Here, we present five cases of atypical dermatophyte infections in patients treated with baricitinib or upadacitinib. Their clinical presentations and treatment regimens were summarised to highlight the atypical features and the presumed effects of JAK inhibitors. Patients presented with erythematous indurated plaques, clustered firm papules, and widespread thin plaques with scaling and erosions. PCR and fungal cultures confirmed infections with\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton tonsurans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton verrucosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Microsporum canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Treatment with systemic antifungal agents such as terbinafine, itraconazole, and griseofulvin was effective. In some cases, the dosage of JAK inhibitors was reduced during antifungal therapy. Clinicians should be vigilant for cutaneous fungal infections in JAK inhibitor\u2010treated patients with new rashes. The immunomodulatory effect of JAK inhibitors may attenuate the clinical manifestation and lead to delayed recognition of dermatophytosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:29:39Z","timestamp":1773991779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atypical Dermatophytosis in Patients Treated by JAK Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jen A.","family":"Barak Levitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Emek Medical Center  Afula Israel"},{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology  Haifa 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Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran Cohen","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Emek Medical Center  Afula Israel"},{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology  Haifa 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Ichthyosis and Fungal Infection: An Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies","volume":"19","author":"Miao H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JDDG: Journal of the German Society of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20131854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.5.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03782-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) \u201cU.S. Food and Drug Administration \u201d accessed May 7 2024 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