{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:57:46Z","timestamp":1780981066156,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Port wine stain (PWS) is a common congenital and progressive skin capillary malformation with poor clinical effects, which seriously affects the patients' appearance and social interaction. In the study, we found that itraconazole (ITRA), a common antifungal agent, showed preliminary clinical improvement in patients with PWS in our pilot observational case series; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. PWS pathogenesis is associated with somatic activating\n                    <jats:italic>GNAQ R183Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations that constitutively activate the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway, and angiogenesis and fibroblast hyperplasia further play important roles in its occurrence and development. We isolated and cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and PWS fibroblasts (PWSFs) by enzymatic digestion and used these cells as our cell models. In\u00a0vitro, we found that ITRA inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, increased autophagosome formation and promoted autophagy flux of HUVECs and PWSFs. Furthermore, we explored the association between apoptosis and ITRA\u2010induced autophagy. We found that ITRA induced autophagy, and inhibition of autophagy enhanced its pro\u2010apoptotic and anti\u2010proliferative effects of ITRA in PWSFs and HUVECs. In addition, ITRA may inhibit migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs by downregulating the VEGF\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling pathway. Together, our study presents a preliminary clinical pilot observation and a relative experimental study for the potential effects of ITRA in PWS via autophagy\u2010apoptosis crosstalk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T06:24:30Z","timestamp":1778307870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Drug Repurposing of Itraconazole Suppresses Angiogenesis and Hyperplasia in Port Wine Stain via Autophagy\u2010Apoptosis Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeng","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University NHC Key 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