{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:50:39Z","timestamp":1787323839142,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune pigmentary disorder characterized by progressive melanocyte loss and unpredictable activity. Objective of disease activity remains challenging, particularly in lesions with subtle clinical changes Cellular\u2010resolution full\u2010field optical coherence tomography (CRFF\u2010OCT) enables non\u2010invasive, high\u2010resolution, histology\u2010like visualization of skin microstructure. This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating CRFF\u2010OCT with machine learning\u2010assisted quantitative analysis for imaging\u2010based characterization of active and stable vitiligo lesions. Fifty patients with non\u2010segmental vitiligo were prospectively enrolled (2021\u20132022). CRFF\u2010OCT imaging was performed on lesional, perilesional, and normal\u2010appearing skin within the same anatomical region. Quantitative features describing epidermal structure, dermal\u2013epidermal junction (DEJ) morphology, and pigment\u2010associated reflectivity were extracted. A machine learning\u2010assisted computer\u2010aided detection (CADe) framework incorporating 13 features was developed for image\u2010level classification of lesion activity. CRFF\u2010OCT imaging demonstrated distinct microstructural patterns between active and stable lesions. Basal epidermal pigment\u2010associated reflectivity was significantly lower in stable lesions compared with active lesions (9.94%\u2009\u00b1\u200910.06% vs. 21.84%\u2009\u00b1\u200911.08%), with corresponding differences in lesion\u2010to\u2010normal reflectivity ratios (0.21 vs. 0.56). Quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in epidermal thickness, DEJ associated reflectivity, inter\u2010layer contrast, and reflectivity heterogeneity. Among the 13 extracted features, 9 differed significantly between groups and were incorporated into classification models. The CADe framework achieved a maximum image\u2010level classification accuracy of 80.6% using a support vector machine model. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of CRFF\u2010OCT\u2010based quantitative imaging for objective characterization of vitiligo lesion status and support its potential role in disease activity assessment and longitudinal monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:23:49Z","timestamp":1784701429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative\n                    <scp>CRFF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>OCT<\/scp>\n                    Imaging Features for Characterization of Disease Activity in Non\u2010Segmental Vitiligo: A Machine Learning\u2013Assisted Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7576-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau Yee","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Jen\u2010Ai Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Vitiligo Clinic and Pigment Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Linkou Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apollo Medical Optics, Ltd.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apollo Medical Optics, Ltd.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Ling","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apollo Medical Optics, Ltd.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apollo Medical Optics, Ltd.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apollo Medical Optics, Ltd.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung\u2010Fu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Jen\u2010Ai Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Vitiligo Clinic and Pigment Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Linkou Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng\u2010Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Jen\u2010Ai Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Vitiligo Clinic and Pigment Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Linkou Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Ching","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Jen\u2010Ai Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Vitiligo Clinic and Pigment Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Linkou Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100625.2007.00666_1.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ccid.S432169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19971"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11020196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-45528-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1403797"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory","author":"Vapnik V.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition","author":"Fukunaga K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using R","author":"Field A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics","author":"Field A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_75_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.11.037"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.70309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exd.70309","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.70309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:14:28Z","timestamp":1787321668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.70309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.70309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.70309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70309"}}