{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:06:40Z","timestamp":1788934000501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) encompasses a heterogeneous group of autoimmune skin manifestations that often overlap clinically with other inflammatory dermatoses, particularly rosacea. While histopathology remains the gold standard, its invasiveness limits routine and longitudinal use. Line\u2010field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC\u2010OCT) is an emerging non\u2010invasive imaging modality capable of providing real\u2010time, near\u2010histological resolution of skin architecture. In this single\u2010center cross\u2010sectional observational study, 45 patients (30 CLE: 16 acute, 5 subacute, 9 chronic; 15 rosacea) underwent LC\u2010OCT imaging of active lesions. Images were independently evaluated using predefined criteria reflecting histopathological features. LC\u2010OCT identified key histopathological correlates of CLE in\u00a0vivo. Interface dermatitis features (including dermoepidermal junction disruption, basal cell vacuolization and band\u2010like inflammatory infiltrate) were highly prevalent in ACLE and SCLE, while chronic CLE was characterized by epidermal atrophy, hyperkeratosis, fibrosis and adnexal destruction. In contrast, rosacea exhibited a vascular and folliculocentric pattern with frequent peri\u2010adnexal inflammation and Demodex infestation, without interface changes. Interobserver agreement was substantial to excellent for most criteria. In the ACLE versus rosacea comparison, interface dermatitis features like band\u2010like DEJ infiltrate, DEJ disruption, basal vacuolization and apoptotic bodies were associated with ACLE. Conversely, rosacea exhibited a vascular\u2010folliculocentric profile with peri\u2010infundibular infiltrates and Demodex mites. In conclusion, LC\u2010OCT enables non\u2010invasive visualization of disease\u2010specific microarchitectural patterns in CLE, reflecting both inflammatory and chronic remodelling changes. In this pilot study, it shows potential in differentiating CLE from rosacea and may support diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring in clinical practice. Larger, multicenter studies are required to confirm the role of LC\u2010OCT in the non\u2010invasive diagnosis of CLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1785755131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>LC<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>OCT<\/scp>\n                    for Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Characterization Across Disease Subtypes and Differentiation From Rosacea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7926-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Omar","family":"Traini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9681-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Cannizzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0898-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9876-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Rizzuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana Antonella","family":"Pacucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Giacomo","family":"Cerasuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3061-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Piunno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Gavotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology A. Gemelli General Hospital Foundation \u2010 IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9253-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariarita","family":"Vigilante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Catholic University of Sacred Heart"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1918-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Maccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Catholic University of Sacred Heart"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8837-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Caldarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology A. 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