{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:05:37Z","timestamp":1790183137938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG065980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG065980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008893","name":"University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015515","name":"Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease of the elderly who are frequently colonised by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , particularly strains producing the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin\u20101 (TSST\u20101). Given the ability of TSST\u20101 to engage the T cell receptor (TCR) V\u03b22 chain, we investigated whether superantigen (SAg) exposure in BP is associated with alterations in peripheral T cell populations. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from BP patients and age\u2010matched healthy controls. T cell responsiveness to TSST\u20101, staphylococcus enterotoxin G (SEG), and staphylococcus enterotoxin\u2010like\u2010I (SEl\u2010I) was assessed via proliferation assays, and the TCR V\u03b2 repertoire was analysed by RT\u2010qPCR of bulk CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and flow cytometry of conventional CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and regulatory T cell (Treg, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    FoxP3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) subsets. Contrary to expectations, proliferative responses to TSST\u20101 were significantly lower in BP samples than in controls, while responses to SEG and SEl\u2010I were comparable. RT\u2010qPCR revealed no expansion of V\u03b22\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in bulk CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, and surface phenotyping detected no enrichment of V\u03b22\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells within conventional CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T populations. In contrast, V\u03b22\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were selectively enriched within the Treg compartment. These findings indicate that peripheral T cell responses to TSST\u20101 are attenuated in BP and are associated with subset\u2010specific skewing of the TCR repertoire. These findings are consistent with increased regulatory features in the peripheral immune compartment that may limit systemic SAg reactivity. Studies examining lesional skin immune populations are needed to determine whether local T cell responses differ from those observed in peripheral blood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:39:39Z","timestamp":1789987179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selective Expansion of\n                    <scp>TCR<\/scp>\n                    V\u03b22\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Tregs and Impaired Lymphocyte\n                    <scp>TSST<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Responsiveness in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients Colonised by\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2635-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler P.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"},{"name":"Hennepin County Medical Center  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Fakhimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0639-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Poleks\u00edc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6474-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel H.","family":"Kilgore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8314-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Schlievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-0486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet A.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly N.","family":"Messingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa 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