{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:53:10Z","timestamp":1791003190275,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1P01AG071463\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P01AG071463\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Skin aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the progressive decline of tissue structure, function and regenerative capacity. Although numerous interventions have been developed to improve the clinical manifestations of aging, most primarily alleviate downstream consequences rather than directly targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue deterioration. Recent advances in single\u2010cell and spatial transcriptomic technologies have fundamentally transformed our understanding of skin aging by identifying cell type\u2010specific transcriptional programmes and uncovering novel regulators of epidermal homeostasis, dermal remodelling and intercellular communication. These high\u2010resolution atlases have generated an expanding repertoire of candidate rejuvenation targets, many of which consist of intracellular regulatory proteins that have traditionally been considered difficult to manipulate using conventional pharmacological approaches. In parallel, rapid progress in RNA engineering has established nucleic acid therapeutics as a versatile approach for precise molecular intervention. Among these, messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics are particularly well suited to the molecular landscape emerging from skin aging atlases because they enable transient restoration of proteins that are lost during aging. Advances in lipid nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles and microneedle\u2010based delivery systems are rapidly improving the feasibility of local cutaneous administration. In this review, we discuss the emerging rejuvenation targets identified by single\u2010cell and spatial transcriptomic atlases and examine recent advances in RNA\u2010based therapeutics and mRNA delivery strategies that are paving the way for precision skin rejuvenation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:54:49Z","timestamp":1790571289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["mRNA Therapeutics for Skin Rejuvenation: From Aging Atlases to Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9409-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Boncimino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Sol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Mandinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16688"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-026-00810-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1421858"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad282"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117898"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00317-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0092-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-026-02552-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0922-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2024.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01964-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07351-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00358-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1592596"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2022.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70227-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717725755"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372003"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-1637(02)00024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2003)0780043MMITMC2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.156344"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/379335a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142220"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.19858"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00069.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102946"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121607"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117919"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051302"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2009.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080599"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371708"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320301110"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad4395"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00202.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12532792"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91812-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12793"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0180-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097784"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097956"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3643"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05659"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)01955-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.06.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000599"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2403"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2016.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1315"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.797747"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70708"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14358"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_64_1","unstructured":"L.Li Z.Tang X.Portillo et\u00a0al. \u201cHuman Skin Rejuvenation via mRNA. bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology \u201d(2026) 2024.11.12.623261."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04222-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800947"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.349662.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/11926"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1406006"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1477606"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/105221610X12819686555015"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.064915"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/537028"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1685633"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0084-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02289-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114669108"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1195272"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003397"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680040067005"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13578"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13141"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_18_89_1","first-page":"512","article-title":"Focal Trichloroacetic Acid Peel Method for Benign Pigmented Lesions in Dark\u2010Skinned Patients","volume":"30","author":"Chun E. Y.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_18_90_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Glycolic Acid Treatment Increases Type I Collagen mRNA and Hyaluronic Acid Content of Human Skin","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein E. F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.4.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308193290803"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1994.tb01790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680040074006"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_18_95_1","first-page":"990","article-title":"Efficacy of Cream\u2010Based Novel Formulations of Hyaluronic Acid of Different Molecular Weights in Anti\u2010Wrinkle Treatment","volume":"10","author":"Pavicic T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2005.00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31732"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520090238"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2003.00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04239-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20468"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.00085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20048"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12164"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-016-0913-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16018"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-121808-102144"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009668"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12344"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15060860"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16932"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.206165"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-023-10064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-024-10103-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00113-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2975-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00183-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15174-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-050120-105018"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00898-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0075-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35888"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078107"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35005107"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1379"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0017-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0059-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.13.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19463-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR10305H"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_18_137_1","first-page":"8167","article-title":"Downregulation of Senescence\u2010Associated Secretory Phenotype by Knockdown of Secreted Frizzled\u2010Related Protein 4 Contributes to the Prevention of Skin Aging","volume":"14","author":"Takaya K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.09.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68993-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0787-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2016-0248"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.39870"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkaf060"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105654"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00162-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9062004"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072472"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302171"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00989-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2026.115033"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02541-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1211798"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020578"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01780-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2022.11.006"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_18_158_1","first-page":"482","article-title":"A Review of the Challenge of Pre\u2010Existing Humoral Immunity in Adeno\u2010Associated Virus Gene Therapy and Potential Solutions","volume":"37","author":"Alvisi M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Human Gene Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4278"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21856"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr695"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky177"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03800-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1504"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091978"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05075-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201203263"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6017(200005)89:5<652::AID-JPS11>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0669-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.27066"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0250-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20240109"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816778f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101514"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10717541003667798"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-026-01948-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NH00230C"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_189_1","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov \u201cPreliminary Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of SPOT\u2010mRNA01 Subcutaneously Administered in Healthy Subjects \u201d(2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01573-z"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.70367","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/exd.70367","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.70367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:10:42Z","timestamp":1791000642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.70367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":189,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.70367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.70367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70367"}}