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These developments come largely at a cost of high\u2010fossil fuel energy inputs. Rising energy prices, climate change and consumer demand for \u2018green\u2019 products have placed energy use and emissions among the sustainability criteria of food production systems. We have compiled all available published and unpublished fuel use data for fisheries targeting all species, employing all gears and fishing in all regions of the world into a Fisheries and Energy Use Database (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEUD<\/jats:styled-content>). Here, we present results of our analysis of the relative energy performance of fisheries since 1990 and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on fuel inputs to diverse fishing fleets. The median fuel use intensity of global fishery records since 1990 is 639\u00a0litres per tonne. Fuel inputs to fisheries vary by several orders of magnitude, with small pelagic fisheries ranking among the world's most efficient forms of animal protein production and crustaceans ranking among the least efficient. Trends in Europe and Australia since the beginning of the 21st century suggest fuel use efficiency is improving, although this has been countered by a more rapid increase in oil prices. Management decisions, technological improvements and behavioural changes can further reduce fuel consumption in the short term, although the most effective improvement to fisheries energy performance will come as a result of rebuilding stocks where they are depressed and reducing over\u2010capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T10:04:17Z","timestamp":1404468257000},"page":"684-696","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Fuel consumption of global fishing fleets: current understanding and knowledge gaps"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Robert W R","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Private Bag 49 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H","family":"Tyedmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Resource and Environmental Studies Dalhousie University 6100 University Avenue, Suite 5010, PO Box 15000 Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada"},{"name":"College of Sustainability, Dalhousie University Mona Campbell Building 1459 LeMarchant St., Suite 1401, PO Box 15000 Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"High Fuel Costs Could Reduce Tuna Fishing: Industry Group","author":"AFP","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Aquaculture, Fisheries, Poverty and Food Security","author":"Allison E.H.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0646-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Anderson J.andGuillen J.(2011)2010 Annual Economic Report on the European Fishing Fleet. 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