{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:09:05Z","timestamp":1791068945281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Transkids Purple Rainbow Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Family Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gender variant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content>) children have a subjective sense of gender identity and\/or preferences regarding clothing, activities, and\/or playmates that are different from what is culturally normative for their biological sex. Despite increases in rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> children and their families presenting at clinics, there is little research on how raising a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> child affects the family as a whole or how families make decisions regarding their care. This study took an ecological\u2010transactional framework to explore the question, \u201cwhat is the experience of parents who raise a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> or transgender child?\u201d Eight mothers and three fathers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> male and female children (ages 5\u201313) referred through a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> support group participated in interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using an adaptation of grounded theory analysis. These parents attempted to pave the way to a nonstigmatized childhood for their <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> child, typically through two pathways: rescuing the child from fear of stigma and hurt or accepting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> and advocating for a more tolerant world. Many participants used both pathways to different degrees or shifted paths over time, and the paths selected were related to parents' own understanding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GV<\/jats:styled-content> and their experiences and backgrounds as well as characteristics of the children they were parenting and the communities they inhabited. Limitations, clinical implications, and future directions are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T18:58:01Z","timestamp":1421261881000},"page":"123-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["\u201cAm I Doing the Right Thing?\u201d: Pathways to Parenting a Gender Variant Child"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sarah A. O.","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Tulane University New Orleans LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen K.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Clark University Worcester MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508\u2010012\u20100055\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508\u2010012\u20109975\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7441-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Phenomenology and psychological research","author":"Giorgi A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research","author":"Glaser B. 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