{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:09:19Z","timestamp":1759032559369},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Family Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Expressed emotion (EE) is a family environmental construct that assesses how much criticism, hostility, and\/or emotional over\u2010involvement a family member expresses about a patient (Hooley, <jats:italic>Annual Review of Clinical Psychology<\/jats:italic>, 2007, 3, 329). Having high levels of EE within the family environment has generally been associated with poorer patient outcomes for schizophrenia and a range of other disorders. Paradoxically, for African\u2010American patients, high\u2010EE may be associated with a <jats:italic>better<\/jats:italic> symptom course (Rosenfarb, Bellack, &amp; Aziz, <jats:italic>Journal of Abnormal Psychology<\/jats:italic>, 2006, 115, 112). However, this finding is in need of additional support and, if confirmed, clarification. In line with previous research, using a sample of 30 patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers, we hypothesized that having a caregiver classified as low\u2010EE would be associated with greater patient symptom severity. We also aimed to better understand why this pattern may exist by examining the content of interviews taken from the Five\u2010Minute Speech Sample. Results supported study hypotheses. In line with Rosenfarb et\u00a0al. (2006), having a low\u2010EE caregiver was associated with greater symptom severity in African\u2010American patients. A content analysis uncovered some interesting patterns that may help elucidate this finding. Results of this study suggest that attempts to lower high\u2010EE in African Americans may, in fact, be counterproductive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,24]],"date-time":"2015-10-24T04:58:44Z","timestamp":1445662724000},"page":"476-486","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Caregiver Expressed Emotion and Psychiatric Symptoms in African\u2010Americans with Schizophrenia: An Attempt to Understand the Paradoxical Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kayla","family":"Gurak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Miami Coral Gables FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Weisman de Mamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Miami Coral Gables FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.9.5.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014301429426","article-title":"Know thine adversary: The impact of race on styles of dealing with conflict","volume":"45","author":"Davidson M. 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