{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:28:43Z","timestamp":1787884123382,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Family Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drawing inspiration from the reflective and liberating practice of testimonio, we narrated our experiences as two women of color precariously employed psychologists with US employment visas. Shirley Ley recounted an experience of lost identity as a psychologist at a small liberal arts institution while Shaznin Daruwalla wove a narrative of tested endurance in her role as a staff psychologist in a medium\u2010sized state\u2010funded academic institution. Despite our diverse origins\u2014Canada and India respectively\u2014we shared the intricate link between our immigration status and employment. This connection tethered us to our professional roles and the organizations supporting our employment\u2010based immigrant visas. Unlike US permanent residents or citizens, our difficulty in switching employers freely left us profoundly vulnerable. The gravity of employment termination was overwhelming, tantamount to relinquishing our rights to reside and work in the United States, affording us only a brief 60\u2010day window to secure new sponsorship. Guided by our unwavering anti\u2010oppressive ethos, we confronted institutional barriers head\u2010on, a stance that often placed us in precarious situations. Our assertive challenges to the system not only risked termination of our jobs but also carried the threat of displacement, a persistent reality in our consciousness. Amid the backdrop of COVID\u201019's employment uncertainties, our friendship emerged as a steadfast anchor, offering the safety and stability we needed to persevere. Through this paper, we sought to demonstrate how supportive relationships and shared experiences among women of color can be a powerful tool for resilience, personal growth, and professional empowerment in the face of systemic challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.13078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T20:03:26Z","timestamp":1731873806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Friendship as a lifeline: Navigating the precarious landscape of the US employment\u2010based immigration as women of color psychologists"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaznin","family":"Daruwalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PLLC  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1093\u20104510.5.4.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 8 U.S.C. \u00a7261 et seq. (1882)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"How U.S. immigration laws and rules have changed through history","author":"Cohn D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and The Politics of Empowerment","author":"Collins P. H.","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","article-title":"Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics","volume":"1989","author":"Crenshaw K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"University of Chicago Legal Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1099\u20109809.12.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1099\u20109809.12.3.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12987\/9780300213720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Black skin, white masks","author":"Fanon F.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th Anniversary Edition)","author":"Freire P.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000019843506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"How the U.S. legal immigration system works","author":"Gelatt J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Facing up to the racist legacy of America's immigration laws","author":"Jones R.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Relational\u2010cultural therapy","author":"Jordan J. V.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400664441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"The Black Unicorn: Poems","author":"Lorde A.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Sister outsider: Essays and speeches","author":"Lorde A.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"H\u20101B temporary skilled worker program","author":"Migration Policy Institute","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/azt.2015.40.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Beyond inclusion, beyond empowerment: A developmental strategy to liberate everyone","author":"Nieto L.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/aap0000262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Real Voice. (2004).Arundhati Roy: The 2004 Sydney Peace Prize lecture."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10665684.2012.698571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","volume-title":"Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans (updated and revised)","author":"Takaki R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","volume-title":"An era of darkness: The British empire in India","author":"Tharoor S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"United States Embassy & Consulates in Canada. (n.d.).TN visa. U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada.https:\/\/common.usembassy.gov\/en\/tn\u2010visa\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400848874"}],"container-title":["Family Process"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/famp.13078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T02:27:58Z","timestamp":1755570478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/famp.13078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/famp.13078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/famp.13078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-7370","1545-5300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-7370","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13078"}}