{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:44:36Z","timestamp":1793040276747,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000925","name":"John Templeton Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG064512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG064512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016026","name":"RRF Foundation for Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019898","name":"Academy of Korean Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AKS\u20102022\u2010R066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AKS\u20102022\u2010R066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Family Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intergenerational social support has been considered an important factor in overcoming the COVID\u201019 pandemic crisis. However, prior research has overlooked the connection between intergenerational solidarity\u2014social cohesion between generations\u2014and self\u2010esteem across Western and Asian families during the pandemic. We aimed to discover common unobserved latent classes of intergenerational solidarity with older parents among middle\u2010aged adults during the pandemic in the United States and South Korea. In addition, we sought to determine if the identified solidarity latent classes were linked to the self\u2010esteem of middle\u2010aged adults, and whether the above association varies according to parents' gender or cultural contexts. We used data from the 2022 surveys of the Longitudinal Study of Generations and Korean Generation Study, and conducted multigroup latent class analysis for 247 child\u2013mother and 205 child\u2010father groups in the United States and 229 child\u2013mother and 155 child\u2010father groups in South Korea. In addition, multivariate regression analysis based on the three\u2010step approach was conducted. We identified the same three intergenerational solidarity latent classes in the four groups:\n                    <jats:italic>tight\u2010knit<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>intimate\u2010but\u2010distant<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>detached<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, we found that middle\u2010aged adults with a\n                    <jats:italic>tight\u2010knit<\/jats:italic>\n                    relationship with older parents reported higher self\u2010esteem than those who had\n                    <jats:italic>intimate\u2010but\u2010distant<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>detached<\/jats:italic>\n                    types of relationships with older parents, irrespective of parents' gender and national context. Our results suggest that fostering stronger intergenerational relationships would be beneficial for middle\u2010aged adults in both cultures, regardless of the gender of their parents. We provide insight to clarify the understanding of the role of intergenerational solidarity in midlife in American and Korean cultural contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T06:45:43Z","timestamp":1752821143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intergenerational Solidarity With Older Parents and Self\u2010Esteem of Middle\u2010Aged Children During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: The United States and South Korea Comparison"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woosang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family &amp; Resource Management Sookmyung Women's University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4654-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work and Aging Studies Institute Syracuse University  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merril","family":"Silverstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science, Department of Sociology, and Aging Studies Institute Syracuse University  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15283488.2020.1846538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540\u20104560.2007.00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741\u20103737.2001.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2002.00568.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Intergenerational Solidarity: Strengthening Economic and Social Ties","author":"Bengtson V. 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