{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T02:16:02Z","timestamp":1766974562869,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006756","name":"Brigham Young University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Family Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID\u201019 pandemic disrupted daily life and strained couple relationships, requiring adaptation to widespread resource loss. Empathy, particularly cognitive empathy, plays a vital role in social support during stress and may help foster adaptive relationship behaviors. This study was designed to explore whether a self\u2010sustaining gain spiral\u2014a theoretical process wherein resources reinforce one another described in the Conservation of Resources Theory\u2014could be observed between cognitive empathy and attachment behaviors over time. We surveyed 535 cisgender heterosexual couples in April 2020 and again in July (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009363) and October (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009239), assessing self\u2010reported resource loss, empathy, and attachment behaviors. Findings revealed a gain spiral: cognitive empathy and attachment behaviors showed positive bidirectional associations over time within individuals. Within individuals, higher levels of attachment behaviors in July predicted lower resource loss in October. Surprisingly, higher empathy in July predicted greater loss in October. Additionally, higher levels of attachment behaviors in April indirectly predicted lower resource loss in October. Finally, empathy in April predicted greater attachment behaviors in July across partners. These results underscore the potential for positive relational dynamics even amid collective stress. Interventions that strengthen empathy and attachment behaviors may help couples better cope with adversity by reinforcing mutually supportive patterns.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T02:53:39Z","timestamp":1764989619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gain Spirals in Couples: Empathy, Attachment Behaviors and the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1530-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa Banford","family":"Witting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Family Life Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Family Life Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596\u2010021\u201001430\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359\u2010022\u201000767\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19485506221094437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2022.2025678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100610387086"},{"volume-title":"Attachment and Loss, Vol. 2: Separation","year":"1973","author":"Bowlby J.","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.70031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741\u20103729.2001.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Trauma and Its Wake, Volume II: Traumatic Stress Theory, Research, and Intervention","author":"Figley C. R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52547\/RPH.14.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.44.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010orgpsych\u2010032117\u2010104640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.110831"},{"volume-title":"Dyadic Data Analysis","year":"2006","author":"Kenny D. A.","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332691.2014.953650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2018.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23450"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"1848","article-title":"Couples Satisfaction During the Covid\u201019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","volume":"58","author":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010L\u00edbano J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology and Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2020.1868184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550621992973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797620964422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051221086234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545\u20105300.2012.01422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children12040465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_846_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756\u20102589.2010.00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","unstructured":"The Guardian.2025.How COVID is Still Taking Toll Five Years on.https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2025\/mar\/11\/how\u2010covid\u2010is\u2010still\u2010taking\u2010toll\u2010five\u2010years\u2010on."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510395592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359\u2010022\u201000767\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2019.1661343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2020a.Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations During the COVID\u201019 Outbreak.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/331490."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2020b.Weekly Epidemiological Update \u2013 22 December 2020.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/weekly\u2010epidemiological\u2010update\u201022\u2010december\u20102020."}],"container-title":["Family Process"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/famp.70097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T02:11:44Z","timestamp":1766974304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/famp.70097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/famp.70097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/famp.70097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-7370","1545-5300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-7370"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1545-5300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70097"}}