{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:30:20Z","timestamp":1776738620652,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90ZJ0043\u201001\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90ZJ0043\u201001\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Family Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This grounded theory study examines how socioeconomically disadvantaged and predominantly Black fathers construct fatherhood identity amid systemic adversity. Drawing on 11 focus groups with 40 fathers enrolled in a U.S. Midwestern fatherhood program, the study explores the multidimensional nature of fatherhood and the ways in which structural, interpersonal, and identity\u2010based factors shape paternal engagement. Using iterative coding and comparative analysis, findings reveal three central themes: (a) evolving dimensions of engaged fatherhood that transcend biological ties and traditional patriarchal norms; (b) navigation of intersecting structural challenges, including incarceration, racism, and financial instability, that constrain father involvement; and (c) the role of trauma, social support, and cultural identity in fostering resilient fatherhood. Using a trauma\u2010informed, life\u2010course framework in combination with intersectionality and critical race theory, this study develops a conceptual model illustrating how marginalized fathers balance systemic pressures with sources of strength, such as peer support, co\u2010parenting, and emotional growth. The analysis challenges deficit\u2010based narratives by highlighting fathers' adaptive strategies and internal motivations to remain present in their children's lives. Implications include the need for culturally responsive, trauma\u2010informed programming and policies that affirm marginalized fathers' capacity to nurture, guide, and advocate for their children despite structural inequities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:47:22Z","timestamp":1771494442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Construction of Fatherhood Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Predominantly Black Fathers: A Grounded Theory Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5176-9456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjune","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, the University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherise","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Voith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Retisha","family":"Warr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work and Human Services, Troy University  Troy Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, the University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2025.101329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459221115152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11030119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33790\/jmhsb1100196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13229400.2023.2216668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","article-title":"Critical Race Theory, Archie Shepp, and Fire Music: Securing an Authentic Intellectual Life in a Multicultural World","volume":"65","author":"Calmore J. 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