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Therefore, using 5\u2009days of daily diary data, the present study examined whether day\u2010to\u2010day fluctuation in maternal problematic smartphone use was associated with day\u2010to\u2010day fluctuation in maternal hostility as well as warmth toward children, on the same day and on the following day. Data were collected from mothers of 74 fourth graders (mean age\u2009=\u20099.20\u2009years; age range\u2009=\u20098\u201310\u2009years; 69% were girls) studying in five elementary schools in Hong Kong, China. On each of five consecutive days, mothers filled in an online questionnaire in the evening on their own smartphone use and their parenting behaviors during the day. Random intercept multilevel linear models within the Bayesian framework revealed that on days when mothers used smartphones more problematically (compared to their cross\u2010day averages), they showed more hostility and less warmth toward their children (compared to their cross\u2010day averages) on the same day, even controlling for fluctuation in parenting on the previous day. However, no evidence of lagged\u2010day associations was found. Theoretically, findings pointed to the potential role of parents' problematic smartphone use in understanding daily variation in both negative and positive parenting behaviors. Practically, findings underscored the possible utility of using community education and intervention programs to help parents monitor their smartphone use and foster positive parenting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.70185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:50:56Z","timestamp":1785840656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linking Maternal Problematic Smartphone Use to Maternal Hostility and Warmth Toward Children: A Daily Diary Study of Chinese Families"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Family Science The Education University of Hong Kong  Tai Po, New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3195-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Bun","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Family Science The Education University of Hong Kong  Tai Po, New Territories Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Early Childhood Education The Education University of Hong Kong  Tai Po, New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4732-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Sze","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Family Science The Education University of Hong Kong  Tai Po, New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin Kien Hoa","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Family Science The Education University of Hong Kong  Tai Po, New Territories Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Early Childhood Education The Education University of Hong Kong  Tai Po, New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Advances in Multilevel Modeling for Educational Research: Addressing Practical Issues Found in Real\u2010World Applications","author":"Asparouhov T.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856218789764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24989\/dp.v1i1.1821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Census and Statistics Department.2024.\u201cWomen and Men in Hong Kong\u2014Key Statistics (Education and Training Characteristics).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.censtatd.gov.hk\/en\/wbr.html?ecode=B11303032024AN24&scode=180."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010021\u201002052\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Education Bureau.2024.\u201cOptimised Arrangement of the Weighting of Subjects in the \u201cInternal Assessments\u201d for the Secondary School Places Allocation.\u201dhttps:\/\/applications.edb.gov.hk\/circular\/upload\/EDBCM\/EDBCM24228E.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14805-020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-62396-246-320251015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010023\u201004391\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10115301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"The Couple and Family Technology Framework: Intimate Relationships in a Digital Age","author":"Hertlein K. 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