{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:32:41Z","timestamp":1788406361570,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]],"date-time":"2013-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lungs mainly serve as a primary site for xenobiotic metabolism and constitute an important defense mechanism against inhalation of carcinogens. Our current study aimed to evaluate the chemotherapeutic efficacy of baicalein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content>) in Swiss albino mice exposed to tobacco\u2010specific carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] for its ability to mitigate pulmonary carcinogenesis. Here, we report that altered activities\/levels of lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin\u2010D, cathepsin\u2010B, acid phosphatase, \u03b2\u2010D\u2010galactosidase, \u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucuronidase, and \u03b2\u2010D\u2010N\u2010acetyl glucosaminidase), phase I biotransformation enzymes (cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NADPH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cytochrome P450 reductase, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NADH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cytochrome b5 reductase), and phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> enzymes (glutathione S\u2010transferase, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010glucuronyl transferase, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010diaphorase) were observed in the B(a)P\u2010induced mice. Treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content> significantly restored back the activities\/levels of lysosomal enzymes, phase I and phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> biotransformation enzymes. Moreover, assessment of lysosomal abnormalities by transmission electron microscopic examination revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content> treatment effectively counteract B(a)P\u2010induced oxidative damages. Protein expression levels studied by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot analysis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>1A1 revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content> treatment effectively negate B(a)P\u2010induced upregulated expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>1A1. Further analysis of scanning electron microscopic studies in lung was carried out to substantiate the anticarcinogenic effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content>. The overall data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BE<\/jats:styled-content> treatment significantly inhibits lysosomal and microsomal dysfunction, thus revealing its potent anticarcinogenic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,4]],"date-time":"2013-05-04T16:59:30Z","timestamp":1367686770000},"page":"310-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mitigating role of baicalein on lysosomal enzymes and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme status during lung carcinogenesis of <scp>S<\/scp>wiss albino mice induced by benzo(a)pyrene"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Chandrashekar","family":"Naveenkumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Raghunandakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selvamani","family":"Asokkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Binuclara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balan","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thandavamoorthy","family":"Premkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiruvengadam","family":"Devaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai 600025 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61853-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970142f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-005-0001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7339.714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effect of silymarin on N\u2010nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats","volume":"29","author":"Ramakrishnan G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. 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