{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:27:01Z","timestamp":1791192421664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Phenobarbital is widely used for treatment of neonatal seizures. Its optimal use in neonates and young infants requires information regarding pharmacokinetics. The objective of this study is to characterize the absolute bioavailability of phenobarbital in neonates and young infants, a pharmacokinetic parameter which has not yet been investigated. Routine clinical pharmacokinetic data were retrospectively collected from 48 neonates and infants (weight: 0.7\u201310\u00a0kg; patient's postnatal age: 0\u2013206\u00a0days;\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 27\u201342\u00a0weeks) treated with phenobarbital, who were administered as intravenous or suspension by oral routes and hospitalized in a paediatric intensive care unit. Total mean dose of 4.6\u00a0mg\/kg (3.1\u201310.6\u00a0mg\/kg) per day was administered by 30\u2010min infusion or by oral route. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed\u2010effect population model software). Data were modelled with an allometric pharmacokinetic model, using three\u2010fourths scaling exponent for clearance (\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). The population typical mean [per cent relative standard error (%\n RSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n )] values for\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n , apparent volume of distribution (\n V<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n ) and bioavailability (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n ) were 0.0054\u00a0L\/H\/kg (7%), 0.64\u00a0L\/kg (15%) and 48.9% (22%), respectively. The interindividual variability of\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n V<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (%\n RSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and residual variability (%\n RSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was 17% (31%), 50% (27%), 39% (27%) and 7.2\u00a0mg\/L (29%), respectively. The absolute bioavailability of phenobarbital in neonates and infants was estimated. The dose should be increased when switching from intravenous to oral administration.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T06:48:31Z","timestamp":1371192511000},"page":"465-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of phenobarbital in neonates and young infants, a population pharmacokinetic modelling approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Marsot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique h\u00f4pital Timone bat F, 264 Rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Brevaut\u2010Malaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de N\u00e9onatologie H\u00f4pital Nord Chemin des Bourrely 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Vialet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation P\u00e9diatrique et N\u00e9onatale H\u00f4pital Nord Chemin des Bourrely 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Boulamery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique h\u00f4pital Timone bat F, 264 Rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Bruguerolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique h\u00f4pital Timone bat F, 264 Rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique h\u00f4pital Timone bat F, 264 Rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-010-0209-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198005060-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(03)00030-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00249-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000457062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2005.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2010.01220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"NONMEM project group","author":"Beal S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199733050-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5420.1677"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"CD002216","article-title":"Therapeutic monitoring of antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy","volume":"24","author":"Tomson T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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