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To identify whether previous animal studies have provided enough evidence about the effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , we undertook a systematic review that identified 35 relevant in\u00a0vivo animal experimental studies between 1965 and 2014 assessing the effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on either normal cartilage, or in either induced osteoarthritis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) or synovitis. The quality of the methodology was assessed. Deleterious effects, both structural and biochemical, have mainly been reported in rabbits and are associated with frequent administration of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , sometimes at high dose and with systemic side effects. In dogs, four identified studies concluded that there were beneficial effects with methylprednisolone acetate (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and triamcinolone hexacetonide therapy. In horses,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was mostly deleterious, while triamcinolone acetonide had positive effects in one study highly rated at quality assessment. However, many methodological weaknesses have been identified, such as the lack of pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamics data and the large variation in doses between studies, the limited selection criteria at baseline, the absence of blinding, and the lack of statistics or appropriate controls for testing the effects of the vehicle of the drug. Those methodological weaknesses weaken the conclusions of numerous studies that assess beneficial or deleterious effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on articular cartilage. Animal studies have not yet provided definitive data, and further research is required into the role of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in articular pathobiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T03:25:38Z","timestamp":1437967538000},"page":"427-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effect of corticosteroids on articular cartilage: have animal studies said everything?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Michel","family":"Vandeweerd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS) University of Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS) University of Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 280, South Chongqing road, 200025 Shanghai China"},{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie\u2010Pharmacoth\u00e9rapie\u2010Toxicologie D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fonctionnelles, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Boulevard de Colonster B41 B\u20104000 Li\u00e8ge Belgique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Nisolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d'imagerie m\u00e9dicale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mont Godinne\u2010Dinant, Avenue Docteur Gaston\u2010Therasse 1 5530 Yvoir Belgique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 280, South Chongqing road, 200025 Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Zhihong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d'imagerie m\u00e9dicale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mont Godinne\u2010Dinant, Avenue Docteur Gaston\u2010Therasse 1 5530 Yvoir Belgique"},{"name":"Orthopaedics Department, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road 200025 Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus CH64 7TE Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie\u2010Pharmacoth\u00e9rapie\u2010Toxicologie D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fonctionnelles, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Boulevard de Colonster B41 B\u20104000 Li\u00e8ge Belgique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60243-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1343::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.14.418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"CD005328","article-title":"Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"2","author":"Bellamy N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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