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Inbred C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6 mice were divided into the groups: Normal (not submitted surgery), Sham (sham surgery), Control (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UUO<\/jats:styled-content> treated with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose), Thalido (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UUO<\/jats:styled-content> treated with 5 mg\/kg thalidomide), and Dexa (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UUO<\/jats:styled-content> treated with 1 mg\/kg dexamethasone). The treatments began the day before surgery and were administered once daily by gavage for 1, 7, or 14 days. At the end of each treatment period, blood samples were collected for the determination of creatinine, urea, cytokines. The Control group exhibited a increase in creatinine concentration compared with the Normal and Sham groups within the first 24 h after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UUO<\/jats:styled-content>, which remained high until days 7 and 14. The urea concentration was higher on days 7 and 14 in the Control group compared with the Sham group. In the Thalido and Dexa groups, a reduction of serum creatinine concentration was seen on day 14. Treatment with Dexa reduced the serum concentration of urea on day 7. The serum concentrations of cytokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017) and chemokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MIG<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>) increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UUO<\/jats:styled-content> mice at all of the sampling times. The Dexa and Thalido groups exhibited alterations in the concentrations of these cytokines, suggesting the involvement of anti\u2010inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms that may have modified the fibrosis framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T14:20:51Z","timestamp":1445869251000},"page":"35-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Involvement of cytokines in the modulation and progression of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in C57<scp>BL<\/scp>\/6 mice: effects of thalidomide and dexamethasone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Luiz Eduardo","family":"Bersani\u2010Amado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Uning\u00e1 Faculty Avenida Morangueira PR 317, 6114 Maring\u00e1 Paran\u00e1 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