{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:26:47Z","timestamp":1790083607017,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003062","name":"Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TTU\u20102014\u20104900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTU\u20102014\u20104900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the role of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>) injection on the severity of local infection and the effect on the progression of soft tissue infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>).The mouse model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content> with Group A streptococcus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content>) was developed and treated with diclofenac sodium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>) intramuscularly. Mice were divided into five groups: administered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> for 48\u00a0h before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content> (Group 1), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and maintained <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> for 48\u00a0h (Group 2), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> for 48\u00a0h (Group 3), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content> on zero time (Group 4), and control (Group 5). <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, a high concentration (40\u00a0mg\/L) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> inhibited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content> growth, whereas a lower concentration (0.4\u00a0mg\/L) was not effective. Sepsis was observed in animals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content> inoculation (group 1 and 2). Group 4 had statistically significant higher bacterial load than groups 1 and 2. All groups had a higher inflammation rate than the control group. The median of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010alpha and mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 in the groups 1, 2, and 4 was significantly higher than those in the control group. Even if the animals that were treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> injection prior to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAS<\/jats:styled-content> inoculation had similar inflammation score, similar cytokine levels and low bacterial load in the tissue, they had a rather high rate of sepsis. In conclusion, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> injection prior to bacterial inoculation might predispose to bacteremia and sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,25]],"date-time":"2017-11-25T00:02:46Z","timestamp":1511568166000},"page":"147-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The role of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs intramuscular injection in the development and severity of deep soft tissue infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Ture","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Melikgazi, Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayati","family":"Demiraslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Melikgazi, Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olgun","family":"Kontas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Melikgazi, Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine","family":"Alp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Melikgazi, Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Doganay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Melikgazi, Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2006.00416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00991.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between the use of NSAIDs for pain or fever and serious bacterial infection. 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