{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:31:16Z","timestamp":1789997476470,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007119","name":"Yasuj University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Multiple sclerosis (\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a common autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Serum levels of melatonin decrease in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients who are also at risk of osteoporosis. Procalcitonin (pro\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been reported as a biomarker of systemic inflammation and autoimmune disease; however, its changes in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients have not been well explored. This study investigated, using\n ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , the clinical correlation between serum melatonin and pro\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. We then assessed the effect of melatonin (10\u00a0mg\/kg) therapy on bone metabolism and osteoporosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (\n EAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) model of\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. Data showed a significant increase (*\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) in serum levels of pro\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, inversely correlated (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u200a\u00a0=\u00a0\u200a\u22120.945;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u200a\u00a0=\u00a0\u200a0.0001) with melatonin levels, compared to healthy participants. On the other hand, melatonin therapy ameliorated\n EAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n severity by significantly decreasing (*\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) mean clinical scores, compared to control\n EAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice. In addition, serum levels of pro\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly (**\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01) increased in\n EAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice, compared to controls, which was significantly (*\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) reduced by melatonin. Moreover,\n EAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced decrease in 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and osteocalcin (\n OCN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in\n EAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice, compared to controls, was significantly (*\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) increased by melatonin. Finally,\n OCN<\/jats:styled-content>\n serum levels were found to be significantly decreased (*\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, in comparison with controls. Taken together, we suggest that pro\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n could be used as a diagnostic biomarker in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients and that melatonin normalizes bone metabolites in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Further clinical and experimental investigations are needed to understand bone metabolism in\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T11:28:03Z","timestamp":1511954883000},"page":"181-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Melatonin therapy reduces the risk of osteoporosis and normalizes bone formation in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Ghareghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Faculty of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Scavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ER045, PRASE Laboratory of stem cells, Biology department Faculty of Sciences Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"INSERM U 1197 Laboratory of stem cells, transplantation and immunoregulation Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Arnoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1197 Laboratory of stem cells, transplantation and immunoregulation Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazem","family":"Zibara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ER045, PRASE Laboratory of stem cells, Biology department Faculty of Sciences Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naser","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Faculty of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Melatonin defeats neurally\u2010derived free radicals and reduces the associated neuromorphological and neurobehavioral damage","volume":"58","author":"Reiter R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026023394335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14048638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-003-0259-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.4.0437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Increased serum levels of some inflammatory markers in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Uysal S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-S1-P63"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000134404.63292.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00826-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01431-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"The relationship between bone metabolism, melatonin and other hormones in sham\u2010operated and pinealectomized rats","volume":"37","author":"Ostrowska Z.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. 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