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Retinoids exhibited vital roles in the treatment of many skin diseases. Our recent study demonstrated that adapalene significantly inhibited the growth of HaCat cells, and the inhibitory activity was stronger than other retinoids, such as all\u2010trans\u2010retinoic acid, acitretin, isotretinoin, tazarotene, and bexarotene. Further study showed that adapalene suppressed the colony formation of HaCat cells, and it dramatically triggered S\u2010phase arrest and apoptosis, rather than G1 phase arrest which was reported in other retinoids in several studies. Additionally, adapalene treatment greatly upregulated the protein expression of DNA damage marker \u03b3\u2010H2AX, which was in accord with the results of the elongation of tail moment by comet electrophoresis analysis. Moreover, DNA damage was triggered and DNA repair was suppressed synchronously with adapalene treatment, which accounted for the mechanism of S\u2010phase arrest induced by adapalene. In summary, our recent work demonstrated that adapalene showed strong anti\u2010proliferation activity in HaCat cells and could be an alternative agent for the epidermal proliferative disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T13:56:00Z","timestamp":1575640560000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The third\u2010generation retinoid adapalene triggered DNA damage to induce S\u2010phase arrest in HaCat cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2027-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4966-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Efficacy of a once\u2010daily fixed combination halobetasol (0.01%) and tazarotene (0.045%) lotion in the treatment of localized moderate\u2010to\u2010severe plaque psoriasis","volume":"18","author":"Blauvelt A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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