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Tofacitinib (10\u2009mg\/kg twice a day) or vehicle was administered from the first signs of inflammation. Arthritis scores were daily monitored while other parameters including endothelial function assessed from aortic rings, radiographic scores, blood pressure, heart rate, circulating levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), IL\u201017A, and cerebral BDNF levels were determined after 3\u2009weeks of treatment. A group of non\u2010AIA rats served as controls. In AIA rats, as compared with vehicle, Tofacitinib significantly reduced arthritis and radiographic scores, decreased total cholesterol and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C), but changed neither blood pressure nor heart rate and proinflammatory cytokines levels. It also fully restored acetylcholine (Ach)\u2010induced relaxation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) through increased nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity, reduced BH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency and O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u00b0<\/jats:sup>\n                    production, decreased cyclo\u2010oxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102)\/arginase activities, and enhanced endothelium\u2010derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) production. These effects translated into a decrease in atherogenic index and an elevation of BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and hippocampus (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The present study identified Tofacitinib as an efficient therapeutic option to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve BDNF\u2010dependent cognition in arthritis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T14:59:01Z","timestamp":1634741941000},"page":"363-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tofacitinib improved peripheral endothelial dysfunction and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor levels in the rat adjuvant\u2010induced arthritis model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Perle","family":"Totoson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9  Besan\u00e7on 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Sciences de Sant\u00e9  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Bermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Biochimie m\u00e9dicale CHRU Besan\u00e7on  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Prigent\u2010Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR1093\u2010CAPS Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9, UFR Sciences de Sant\u00e9  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9  Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Service de Rhumatologie CHRU Besan\u00e7on  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maude","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEPITE EA4267, FHU 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