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This study aimed to assess the separate and combined effects of ethanol and diazepam acute exposure on hippocampal metabolite levels, as well as on delayed cognitive performance, in rats anesthetized with isoflurane. Adult male Wistar rats received one intraperitoneal injection containing either saline solution (\u201cCTL\u201d group, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), a 5\u2010mg\/kg dose of diazepam (\u201cDIA\u201d group, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), a 2\u2010g\/kg dose of ethanol (\u201cEtOH\u201d group, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918), or a 5\u2010mg\/kg dose of diazepam + a 2\u2010g\/kg dose of ethanol (\u201cDIA\u2009+\u2009EtOH\u201d group, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924). The levels of brain metabolites in the hippocampal region were assessed using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after injection. Behavioral testing, including working memory and visual recognition memory assessment, was performed at week 3, while a new MRS acquisition was conducted 4\u2009weeks after the injection. In the hour following acute exposure, a decrease in glutamate levels was found in the DIA\u2009+\u2009EtOH group only. Four weeks after injection, a decrease in GABA and glutamate levels and an increase in NAA levels were found in the EtOH group only. No significant between\u2010group differences were found in the behavioral assessment. While the initial decrease in glutamate levels in the DIA\u2009+\u2009EtOH group suggests an early potentiation effect between ethanol and diazepam, the long\u2010term modifications found only in the EtOH group suggest a possible downregulation of ethanol's effect by diazepam at 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T06:29:10Z","timestamp":1643783350000},"page":"687-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of acute ethanol and\/or diazepam exposure on immediate and delayed hippocampal metabolite levels in rats anesthetized with isoflurane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Carton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41\u2010UMS 2014\u2010PLBS  Lille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00e9va","family":"Kyheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ULR 2694\u2010METRICS: \u00c9valuation des Technologies de Sant\u00e9 et des Pratiques M\u00e9dicales Univ. Lille, CHU Lille  Lille France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biostatistiques CHU Lille  Lille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Potey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR\u2010S1172, Pharmacology Department  Lille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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