{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:26:29Z","timestamp":1789064789060,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a polysulfated glycosaminoglycan approved for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. It also showed renoprotective effects in chronic kidney injury models, for example, 5\/6 nephrectomy and diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the present study, we addressed to evaluate the therapeutic value of PPS in DN of rats in combination with losartan (LSR). Sixty male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, untreated diabetic groups (8 and 16\u2009weeks after diabetes induction by streptozotocin \u201cSTZ\u201d, 60\u2009mg\/kg, intraperitoneal [I.P.]), LSR\u2010treated diabetic group (10\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, P.O.), PPS\u2010treated diabetic group (25\u2009mg\/kg\/day, P.O.), and combination\u2010treated diabetic group. Drug treatment was started 8\u2009weeks after induction of diabetes and continued for a further 8\u2009weeks. Renal functions, albuminuria, renal IL\u20106, oxidative stress, and renal histopathology were evaluated. STZ\u2010treated diabetic rats developed progressive albuminuria, renal dysfunction, and significant glomerular change 16\u2009weeks after induction of diabetes. Administration of PPS, alone or in combination with LSR, showed some beneficial effects on DN evolution and significantly decreased renal inflammation as detected by IL\u20106 level. The best beneficial effect on DN evolution was obtained by PPS sole therapy based on albuminuria evaluation and renal histopathology. However, the combination of PPS and LSR did not show additive benefits. This study reported that the renoprotection of PPS in the setting of DN is evident by exerting anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but this effect could be masked when combined with an angiotensin receptor blocker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T05:58:17Z","timestamp":1650261497000},"page":"801-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pentosan polysulfate exerts anti\u2010inflammatory effect and halts albuminuria progression in diabetic nephropathy: Role of combined losartan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7572-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Abdel Hamid","family":"Eita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University  Mansoura 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