{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:50:38Z","timestamp":1780642238471,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K11187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K11187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) and pyelonephritis cause urosepsis, which can become life threating. Sodium\u2010dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of oral anti\u2010diabetic drugs, may increase the risk of UTI and pyelonephritis, as observed from their mechanism of action. Patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2 inhibitors are often concomitantly administered other antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, or antihypertensive drugs. To determine if drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs) between SGLT2 inhibitors and these medications increased the risk of UTI and pyelonephritis, we analyzed the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. We applied Nor\u00e9n's and Gosho's methods for detecting DDIs. FAERS contains records describing 14\u2009526\u2009398 patient characteristics, 54\u2009290\u2009663 drug properties, and 47\u2009252\u2009416 reactions\/events. We found 23 drug combinations that could induce UTI and pyelonephritis, such as SGLT2 inhibitors administered with dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glinides, statins, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Combination therapy with the drugs detected in our analyses would show potential interactions that could result in UTI and pyelonephritis in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, owing to various limitations, these results must be confirmed by additional analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T05:54:15Z","timestamp":1651211655000},"page":"1106-1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased risk of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis under concomitant use of sodium\u2010dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, and antihypertensive drugs: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Tada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics &amp; Programming, Sanofi K.K Tokyo Opera City Tower  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5973-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Gosho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20\u20102470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Sodium\u2010glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the management of type\u20102 diabetes: a drug class overview","volume":"40","author":"Mosley JF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010159\u20104\u2010201308200\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20103136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592\u2010018\u20101116\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098621989134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098\u2010017\u20100254\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S2468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11586990\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.19.4.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12435"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592\u2010019\u201001378\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl\u20102011\u2010000214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010017\u20102233\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14\u20102365"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11\u20101693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4573"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20101326.2010.01314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010017\u20100547\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2021.100725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10\u20100421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010017\u20104370\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.10.002"}],"container-title":["Fundamental &amp; 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