{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:31:19Z","timestamp":1792272679931,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial multi\u2010resistance is a serious global problem that continues to worsen over time due to multiple factors. Among these factors, it is important to highlight the clinical misuse of antibiotics and the mechanisms that microorganisms have developed to protect themselves from these drugs. In this sense,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a pathogen that has found a way to resist many of the drugs currently in use, so infections by this bacterium represent a serious clinical problem.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this study was to determine the type of interaction between ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      using isobolographic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ciprofloxacin (0.5\u20130.05 mg\/mL) and gentamicin (10\u20131 mg\/mL) were used to make concentration\u2010dependent curves for each individual drug. Thereafter, the 50 inhibitory concentration (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of each drug was obtained, and different proportions of the ciprofloxacin\u2013gentamicin combination\u20140.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2, 0.2:0.8, 0.9:0.1, 0.1:0.9, 0.95:0.05, and 0.05:0.95\u2014were evaluated. The isobolographic analysis and the interaction index were used to analyze the data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The isobolographic evaluation of the combination showed that the ratios 0.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2, 0.2:0.8, and 0.9:0.1 produced a synergistic anti\u2010staphylococcal effect, and the 0.95:0.05 ratio induced an additive antibacterial effect. Finally, the 0.1:0.9 and 0.05:0.95 ratios of the combination presented antagonistic effects against\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . On the other hand, the interaction index showed similar results to the isobolographic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The isobolographic results of this in vitro assay show that the ciprofloxacin\u2013gentamicin combination induces synergistic, additive, and antagonistic antimicrobial effects against\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T20:33:43Z","timestamp":1687638823000},"page":"1198-1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Isobolographic analysis of the ciprofloxacin\u2013gentamicin combination against beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Staphylococcus\u2009aureus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Isiordia\u2010Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos Universidad de Guadalajara  Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Ter\u00e1n\u2010Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s Addiel","family":"Seraf\u00edn\u2010Higuera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California  Mexicali Baja California Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Josabad","family":"Alonso\u2010Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad de Guanajuato  Guanajuato Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othoniel Hugo","family":"Aragon\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed  SLP Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1878688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010020\u201005098\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.33"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus\u2009aureus","volume":"90","author":"McGuinness WA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/27-02-2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2016.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104419\u20106306\u20102_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph0919s72"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304\u20103959(02)00041\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman: Las bases farmacol\u00f3gicas de la terap\u00e9utica","author":"Brunton LL","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Farmacolog\u00eda B\u00e1sica y Cl\u00ednica","author":"Katzung BG","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.medicamentosplm.com\/Home\/productos\/gentamicina_soluci%C3%B3n_inyectable\/10\/101\/64803\/162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman. Las bases farmacol\u00f3gicas de la terap\u00e9utica","author":"Brunton LL","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2023.104849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec"}],"container-title":["Fundamental &amp; Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/fcp.12933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T14:22:25Z","timestamp":1700662945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/fcp.12933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/fcp.12933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fcp.12933","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0767-3981","1472-8206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0767-3981","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-8206","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}