{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:11:08Z","timestamp":1780449068927,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is an extrapyramidal movement disorder associated with a hypokinetic condition generated by impairment in dopaminergic neuronal viability in the nigrostriatal region of the brain. Current medications can only provide symptomatic management; to date, no permanent cure is available. To compensate for this lacuna, researchers are gaining interest in antigen\u2010based therapy, and Bacille\u2010Calmette\u2010Guerin (BCG) is one of the vaccines\u00a0with a high safety margin that acts by stimulating immunoreactive T\u2010cells in the CNS and reducing expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrotic factor (TNF\u2010\u03b1) to produce neuroprotection. A previous study reported that BCG exerts a neuroprotective effect against several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of the BCG vaccine against the rotenone model of PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rotenone (1.5\u2009mg\/kg, <jats:italic>s.c<\/jats:italic>) for 28\u2009days, and BCG vaccine (2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> cfu, <jats:italic>i.p<\/jats:italic>) single dose was injected to rats, and behavioral assessments were performed on the 21st and 28th day. On the 29th day, rats were sacrificed, and brains were isolated for biochemical and neurochemical estimation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BCG vaccine significantly restored rotenone\u2010induced motor deficits (open field test, narrow beam walk, and rotarod), biochemical levels (GSH, SOD, catalase, MDA, and nitrite), neurotransmitters (dopamine, 5\u2010hydroxy tryptamine, norepinephrine, 3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, hemovanillic acid, and 5\u2010hydroxy indoleacetic acid), and levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1) in the striatum. It also prevents histopathological changes by reducing eosinophilic lesions in the striatum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the results, we conclude that BCG vaccine showed neuroprotection through antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effect. Thus, in the future, it can be used as a neuroprotective agent for other neurological disorders, including PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T17:13:05Z","timestamp":1701537185000},"page":"538-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Bacille\u2010Calmette\u2010Guerin vaccine against rotenone\u2010induced Parkinson's disease: Role of neuroinflammation and neurotransmitters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Narhari Gangaram","family":"Yedke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University  Bathinda India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Central University of Punjab  Bathinda India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7978-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puneet","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Central University of Punjab  Bathinda India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S81539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440\u2010022\u201000390\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23253"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167\u20105699(00)01633\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471\u20104914(03)00024\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YedkeNG KumarP.The neuroprotective role of BCG vaccine in movement disorders: A review.CNS & Neurological Disorders\u2010Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets\u2010CNS & Neurological Disorders) 2023: doi:10.2174\/1871527322666221223142813.","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527322666221223142813"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640\u2010015\u20109535\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0990667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20102697(82)90118\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20109861(59)90090\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109258(19)52451\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Animal tissue technique WH Freeman and Co., insecticides","volume":"18","author":"Humanson G","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320313515038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000438232.40847.c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612053381684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.49.34621"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","article-title":"Immune processes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease\u2014a potential role for microglia and nitric oxide","volume":"8","author":"Cz\u0142onkowska A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471\u20104159.2003.01942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2017.10.006"}],"container-title":["Fundamental &amp; Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/fcp.12968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T04:57:35Z","timestamp":1715662655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/fcp.12968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/fcp.12968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fcp.12968","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0767-3981","1472-8206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0767-3981","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-8206","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}