{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:06:06Z","timestamp":1788242766347,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Torsion of the spermatic cord is a hazardous and common urologic issue. The current work evaluates the possible protective effect of pregabalin (PGB) and xanthenone (XAN) in testicular ischemia\/reperfusion injury induced by testicular torsion\/detorsion in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven groups of adult male Wistar albino rats were allocated randomly into seven groups, namely, sham control, torsion\/detorsion (T\/D), PGB 50\u2009mg\/kg, PGB 100\u2009mg\/kg, XAN 1\u00a0mg\/kg, XAN 2\u2009mg\/kg, and PGB 50\u2009mg\/kg plus XAN 1\u00a0mg\/kg groups. Serum cholesterol and testosterone levels were determined. Also, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u049bB), angiotensin (Ang) II, Ang\u2010(1\u20137), and angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme2 (ACE2) were assessed in testicular tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis of heme oxygenase\u20101 (HO\u20101) and caspase\u20103 was performed. Finally, the histopathological examination of the testicular tissues was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PGB 50\u2009mg\/kg, PGB 100\u2009mg\/kg, XAN 1\u00a0mg\/kg, XAN 2\u00a0mg\/kg, and PGB 50\u2009mg\/kg plus XAN 1\u00a0mg\/kg groups showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, MDA, NO, TNF\u2010\u03b1, NF\u2010\u049bB, and Ang\u2010II levels coupled with a significant increase in both testosterone and ACE2 expression. Furthermore, all test groups showed a significant improvement in the histopathological picture with a reduction in caspase\u20103 and an increase in HO\u20101 immunoexpression in testicular tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PGB and XAN may have promising effects on preventing testicular T\/D injury through antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.13027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T06:42:57Z","timestamp":1720507377000},"page":"1080-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The protective effect of pregabalin and xanthenone on testicular ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9019-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha 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