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They are frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, often exacerbating their severity. Current pharmacological treatments; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines, remain limited in efficacy and are associated with undesirable side effects, underscoring the urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. However, progress in developing new treatments has been hindered by an incomplete understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these disorders. Bridging this knowledge gap requires advanced research tools capable of providing deeper insight into the neural circuits involved in anxiety. Fiber photometry (FP) has emerged as a powerful and cost\u2010effective technique for measuring neural activity in freely moving animal models. By enabling real\u2010time monitoring of calcium dynamics in specific neural populations within defined brain regions, this method offers invaluable insights into both normal physiological processes and pathological states. In this review, we first present an accessible introduction to FP, detailing its apparatus, procedures, and key advantages and limitations. We then conducted a comprehensive analysis of 39 studies indexed in PubMed that have employed FP to investigate neural circuits implicated in anxiety. Our review reveals the techniques' significant contributions across different research domains, including physiological (33%), pathological (53%), and dual\u2010purpose studies (13%). Beyond summarizing its utility, our goal is to make FP more accessible to researchers. By providing a foundational guide for its integration into future scientific projects, we aim to facilitate advances in anxiety research and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T01:27:46Z","timestamp":1754962066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leveraging Fiber Photometry to Decipher Neural Circuits Underlying Anxiety in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Salma\u00a0R.","family":"Abdennebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, B\u00e2timent Henri Moissan Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour\u00a0El\u00a0Haya","family":"Touihri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, B\u00e2timent Henri Moissan Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Corruble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), MOODS UMR1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Psychiatrie, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Saclay, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis\u00a0J.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, B\u00e2timent Henri Moissan Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Mendez\u2010David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, B\u00e2timent Henri Moissan Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cTroubles Anxieux \u201d accessed March 23 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/fr\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/anxiety\u2010disorders."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"DSM\u20105: Manuel Diagnostique et Statistique des Troubles Mentaux","author":"Crocq M. 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