{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:43:55Z","timestamp":1768016635037,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating complication of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, characterized by painful ulcerations and inflammation of the oral mucosa. Current treatments provide limited efficacy and often lack regenerative properties. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of topically administered probiotics in a rat model of OM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n OM was induced in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats using 5\u2010fluorouracil (5\u2010FU) and acetic acid. Rats were randomized into groups receiving topical formulations of\n \n Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Bacillus clausii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Bacillus coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , sucralfate, triamcinolone, and control. Treatments were applied for 5 consecutive days. OM severity was assessed using macroscopic and histopathological scoring, fibrosis grading, and inflammatory markers (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u201010, PGE\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly reduced macroscopic and histopathological OM scores compared to controls.\n \n L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n also demonstrated a notable reduction in fibrosis and PGE\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n levels (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), suggesting anti\u2010inflammatory and antifibrotic activity.\n \n B. clausii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n B. coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n showed moderate efficacy, while sucralfate and triamcinolone reduced mucosal inflammation but were less effective in tissue regeneration. No significant changes in IL\u201010 were observed across groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Topically applied probiotics, particularly\n \n L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , exhibit significant therapeutic potential in attenuating chemotherapy\u2010induced OM by modulating inflammation and promoting mucosal healing. These findings support further exploration of localized probiotic therapies as a novel, non\u2010systemic approach to manage OM in clinical settings.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:43:19Z","timestamp":1759743799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topical Probiotic Therapy Reduces Chemotherapy\u2010Induced Oral Mucositis: Preclinical Evaluation in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9314-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buse\u00a0Kose","family":"Demirezen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4405-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eren","family":"Demirpolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-8372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arzu","family":"Yay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"},{"name":"Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4638-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozge\u00a0Cengiz","family":"Mat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2267-1238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ermis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Researches and Application Center Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52533\/johs.2022.21210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2020.02.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30621\/jbachs.1199539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103\u2010019\u201002722\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26402\/jpp.2022.4.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_10_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.618150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"M.T\u00fcrkmen Kara\u00e7\u00f6lDeveloping a Rat Model for Oral Mucositis Induced by Chemotherapy [Master's Thesis]. Istanbul Turkey: Alt\u0131nba\u015f University Graduate School of Health Sciences Department of Pediatric Dentistry;2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.2.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807\u20103107BOR\u20102017.vol31.0071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2022.100523"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.70071","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000}}],"container-title":["Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/fcp.70050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T08:15:16Z","timestamp":1764404116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/fcp.70050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/fcp.70050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fcp.70050","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0767-3981","1472-8206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0767-3981","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-8206","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70050"}}